Drug-induced mimics of Mycosis Fungoides: Two case reports and a
systemic literature review
Abstract
Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, often posing diagnostic challenges due to its
resemblance to benign dermatoses, particularly drug-induced eruptions.
Aims: This study aims to examine cases where drug-induced
eruptions mimic MF and provide insights to improve diagnostic
approaches. Methods and Results: A literature review following
PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus
databases, focusing on case reports and series published after 1990
involving histologic mimics of MF. Data on demographics, clinical
presentation, implicated drugs, histologic findings, and treatment
outcomes were analyzed. From 46 articles rendered, a total of 25 were
included in our study that yielded forty cases to analyze. The average
age of patients was 56 years and 58% were males. Anticonvulsants were
the most frequently implicated drugs (58%), followed by anti-arrhythmic
medications (10%) and immunomodulators (8%). Other category
medications made up 25% of reported cases. Clinical presentations
varied, with hypersensitivity-like reactions being common in patients on
anticonvulsants (59%) and immunomodulators (67%), while MF-like
lesions were more frequent in other category medications (56%).
Histologically, atypical lymphocytes and epidermotropism were common
findings, particularly in patients on anticonvulsants.
Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant difference in CD
markers and drug class ( P = 0.04). Discontinuation of the
offending drug often led to clinical remission, with an average
resolution time of 61 days. Conclusion: Diagnosing MF requires
careful consideration of the full clinicopathologic picture, especially
when drug-induced mimics are suspected. Histologic and
immunohistochemical evaluations, such as positivity for both CD4 and CD8
T-cells in the lymphocytic infiltrate, can be giveaways to a
drug-induced etiology. Repeat biopsies after drug cessation can be
particularly valuable in distinguishing true MF from drug-induced
pseudo-lymphomas. These findings highlight the importance of considering
drug-induced etiologies in MF-like presentations to avoid unnecessary
treatments and ensure appropriate patient management.