The mass-spring-damper system is the minimum complexity scenario that characterizes almost all the mechanical vibration phenomena, it is well known that a second-order differential equation model its dynamics. However, if the damper has a magnetorheological fluid in the presence of a magnetic field then the fluid shows viscoelastic properties. Hence the mathematical model that best reflects the dynamics of this system is a fractional order differential equation. Naturally, the Mittag-Leffler function appears as analytical solution. Accordingly we present here the mathematical modeling of the mass-spring-magnetorheological damper system. The main result of our investigation is to show how the fractional order γ changes when the viscosity damping coefficient β changes, this was found when varying current intensity in the range of 0.2 to 2 Amperes. A Helmholtz coil is used to produce the magnetic field. We consider that this document has a high pedagogical value in connecting the fractional calculation to mechanical vibrations and can be used as a starting point for a more advanced treatment of \textit{fractional mechanical oscillations

We treated PR3-ANCA positive vasculitis patient with bilateral ischemic peroneal nerve paralysis accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology showed mild vasculitis. With PR3-ANCA amelioration, the level of complement 3, anti-CCP and neurological disability normalized simultaneously responding to rituximab. This result means the shared pathogenic pathway of PR3-ANCA vasculitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Based on the previous research on the Fe-Mo based bifunctional catalyst, the team explored the effects of reaction temperature, reaction space velocity and the feed ratio of methanol to air on the catalytic effect of the process, and found out the optimal reaction conditions for the process. The results show that too high reaction temperature is not conducive to the formation of the target product DMM, and this phenomenon is verified by thermodynamic analysis. At the same time, it was found from the analysis of the catalyst's microstructure and surface characteristics that an excessively high reaction temperature would not only cause metal oxides to accumulate on the catalyst surface, blocked channels and reduced specific surface area, but also it will destroy the acid active sites on the catalyst surface, weaken the acidity of the catalyst and reduce the catalytic activity.

Abdominal cocoon is a rare disease，that is characterized by a thick,fibrotic and cocoon-like menbrane encapsulating total or partially the bowel.Tts etiology remains unknown.Surgical management is the rteatment of choice.In this report ,it is described a patient with abdominal cocoon.

An unusual cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia is Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) or Hirata Disease, characterized by high levels of insulinemia and circulating autoantibodies to insulin in subjects without prior insulin administration.To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of IAS reported from India.

Honey bees and bumble bees are generalist eusocial bees that collect resources from a variety of plant taxa. Both bee species have distinct foraging strategies that affect patterns of resource collection, with implications for designing pollinator friendly habitat management schemes. Using a comparative approach, we examined the pollen foraging patterns of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) in a suburban-agricultural landscape. We tested predictions stemming from the bees’ known foraging strategies of dance communication or trapline foraging, respectively, and collected pollen from returning foragers of each bee species over five time periods at each of three sites. We quantified the frequency of flower constant foragers, the richness and diversity of pollen collected by a colony, and whether honey bees or bumble bees show preferences by comparing the taxonomic identity of pollen collected to resources available. Analyses were done at the pollen morphotype and plant family levels. Within a foraging trip, honey bees foraged on a single plant family more frequently than bumble bees throughout the summer, except during July, when both species demonstrated a similar frequency of flower constancy. Pollen diversity was greater for bumble bees relative to honey bees, and both bee species collected less diverse pollen in June. Finally, bumble bees preferred the Fabaceae_Tricolporate pollen morphotype (Trifolium repens or Medicago sativa), but avoided Apiaceae, while honey bees foraged randomly showing no evidence of preference. These results support the hypothesis that species level foraging strategies affect how bees exploit pollen resources. Explicitly considering pollinator foraging strategy when designing agri-environment schemes will inform the most appropriate arrangement of floral resources within developed landscapes, thereby promoting both pollinator health and pollination services of bee-dependent crops.

To study the genetic diversity and structure of the forest species Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., seventeen polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Three hundred and sixty five (365) individuals were analysed within fifteen (15) West Africa populations. The alleles’ number for these loci varied from 4 to 30 and 0.23 to 0.82 for the heterozygosity. The seventeen primers designed here will be useful to analyse ecology population and mechanisms of population differentiation of this threaten species.

1. Accurate differential expression of microbial metatranscriptomes based on Next Generation Sequencing depends partly on the depth of the libraries used to perform the analysis. Therefore, estimating the sequencing depth required to sample the metatranscriptome of interest using RNA-seq effectively is an essential first step to both obtain robust results in further analysis and avoiding over-expending once the information contained in the library reaches saturation. 2. Here we present a method to calculate the effort in saturation curves and a priori genes prediction using a simulated series of metatranscriptomic/metagenomic matrices. This method is based on the extrapolation rarefaction curve using a Weibull growth model to estimate the maximum number of genes/OTUs as a function of sequencing depth using a machine learning approach. This approach allows us to compute the effort at different confidence intervals and to obtain an approximate a priori effort using based on an initial fraction of sequences. 3. The accuracy of the results obtained with simulations and real samples (15 datasets of metatranscriptomes from the oral cavity, RNA sequences consist of vectors of 105-1.5x107 reads depth with a 10000 and 600000 genes size) allows one to use an initial shallowly sequenced sample (in this case 20% of the total amount of reads sampled; accuracy R2>0.99 simulated samples and 60-93% for real samples) to estimate the expected sequencing effort needed to cover the whole metatranscriptome/ metagenome from the same sample, so can be used to estimate the estimate the sample size. The algorithm containing the proposed method was saved as a function for R. 4. This proposed method of estimation of the maximum number of gene/OTUs, reads to reach 90, 95 and 99% of maximum number of gene/OTUs, is efficient to help researchers to know if the sampling is sufficient or otherwise need to be increased.

As the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel achieves ultra-deepness, our understanding of its kinetics is still far from in-depth. Therefore, herein, two lumped kinetic models for the ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization (UHDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) are established based on experiments under a wide range of operating conditions. Meanwhile, a four-lump kinetic model of the aromatic hydrosaturation (AHS) is erected. Our kinetic models disclose thermodynamic decisiveness in UHDS, which is unreachable beyond a temperature upper limit or a pressure lower limit. We also reveals the unexpected temperature dependence of nitrogen inhibition to HDS, for less than 300℃ the nitrogen inhibition becomes even more potent despite nitrogen removal by HDN reactions. Subsequently, the HDS kinetics of total sulfur are deciphered as multi stages exist in the whole reaction coordinate. Accordingly, a four-stage conceptual model involving mechanism and rate laws is proposed to offer a better understanding of nitrogen inhibition, thermodynamics and kinetics in UHDS.

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantial implications on almost every aspect of life. Its ongoing influence on health care, as well as other financial, social, psychological, educational and emotional aspects are yet to be fully recognized. Although the COVID-19 outbreak emerged in China at the end of December 2019, the first patient arrived in Israel on February 21st. This nearly two month gap enabled the Israeli health system to implement preparations at a both national and institutional level. Every hospital established an isolated internal medicine ward, which was assigned to treat only COVID-19 patients. Since there was no previous experience or recommended published guidelines, on a national level the Ministry of Health instructed each hospital to convert at least one standard internal medicine ward into a specialized isolated COVID 19 unit, usually within a few days. Although several series of protocols to treat critical COVID-19 patients in ICUs have been proposed, similar recommendations for treatment in internal medicine wards are scarce (1,2). Hence, we would like to summarize our experience in the organizational aspects of managing COVID-19 patients in an isolated internal medicine ward of a tertiary medical center.Minimal exposure . The major concept of working in the isolation ward is minimal exposure to the pathogen. The medical and nursing staff are essential resources and it is crucial to minimize their risk of SARS-COV-2 infection. The staff are also instructed to minimize social contacts outside of working hours to avoid infection risk outside of the hospital. The ward’s staff is divided into two separate ”capsules”, each capsule with consistent personnel (nursing and medical staff) that work at separate shifts without physical interaction between the shifts. In this manner, if one member is accidently infected, only one capsule is isolated instead of the entire staff.Minimal exposure concept is facilitate in the following methods:Medical staff enter the ward the least as possible – usually once for morning rounds and later only for new admissions or for deteriorating patients.Every entrance to the ward is carried out only with the minimal staff needed (e.g. two physicians and two nurses). Communication with the remaining team situated outside of the isolation unit is continuous.Every entrance is planned ahead and equipment (e.g. PCR swabs, fluids) are prepared a priori.We conduct minimal procedures and only on an as-need bases.We use point-of-care ultrasound for lung and heart physical examination instead of stethoscope use(3)Situation room. We facilitate a situation room (SR) manned 24/7 by a physician or nurse. Patients’ vital signs and medical follow-up are transmitted from the isolated ward to the SR. The are multiple communication channels for facilitating transmission of medical data to and from the SR. In addition, the SR is connected to other units inside and outside of the hospital who used as needed.Telemedicine. Telemedicine devices allow the staff to monitor patients with little SARS COV 2 exposure(4). The ward is interconnected with cameras which broadcast to the SR, allowing continued monitoring of the patients. In a addition, mobile sensors are attached to the patients, which wirelessly transmit vital signs, via wifi, to the SR. A remote control mobile robot with a screen, microphone and camera, can be remotely moved around the isolated ward, allowing constant communication with the patients.Patients examination. Due to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) the routine physical examination of COVID 19 patients is limited. Instead, we recommend focusing on appreciating the general condition of the patients, his/her speech flow, mobility level and in mild to moderate cases on POCUS of the lungs.Inter-disciplinary approach. The significance of inter-disciplinary cooperation cannot be more emphasized. During rounds physicians assist nursing staff in their routine tasks: e.g. measuring vital signs, feeding patients and replacing bed ridden patient’s diaper. We also are aided by social workers with routine talks with patients and family members for daily updates and for psychological support (5). In addition, a physiotherapist is involved to perform respiratory and ambulatory physiotherapy as needed.Research. We initiated several small-scale studies in our ward. Data of the admitted COVID 19 patients are collected to evaluate possible association with demographical and clinical characteristics. We also evaluate several compounds with minimal adverse evets, which were recently reported to have possible positive effect on disease progression, such as hydroxychloroquine, Zinc, vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine(6,7).In conclusion, treating COVID-19 patients create unique clinical and institutional challenges. These challenges can be managed with minimal exposure to the medical staff, but without losing the therapeutic Continuum. Notwithstanding, the basic concept of internal medicine remain the same: maximal treatment with minimal risk for the patients (Primum non nocere), but also to the treating team. More studies are needed to investigate the functioning of the isolated COVID-19 wards in larger scales, and the preparedness of health systems to this pandemic at national levels.All authors declare no conflict of interest(1) Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med 2020:1-4.(2) Wang H, Wang S, Yu K. COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China. Crit Care 2020 Mar 18;24(1):107-020-2832-8.(3) Peng QY, Wang XT, Zhang LN, Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG). Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel corona virus pneumonia during the 2019-2020 epidemic. Intensive Care Med 2020 Mar 12.(4) Wendelboe AM, Amanda Miller J, Drevets D, Salinas L, Miller E, Jackson D, et al. Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Emergency Management 2020;18(2):1-20.(5) Lima CKT, de Medeiros Carvalho, Poliana Moreira, Lima, Igor de Araújo Silva, de Oliveira Nunes, José Victor Alexandre, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI, et al. The Emotional Impact Of Coronavirus 2019-Ncov (New Coronavirus Disease). Psychiatry Res 2020:112915.(6) Matthay MA, Aldrich JM, Gotts JE. Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med 2020 Mar 20.(7) Razzaque M. COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Maintaining Optimal Zinc Balance Enhance Host Resistance? 2020.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Knowingcomplication, care sought is essential for understanding risks, services, program, policies for abortion care. MATERIAL METHODS Rural community based study was carried out in villages near Sewagram Wardha and Melghat, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. OBJECTIVE To know magnitude of abortion complications, care sought by rural tribal women. RESULTS In Sewagram villages 3.30%, in Melghat 0.32% reported complications with spontaneous abortions (SA) and 1% in Sewagram villages, 0.1% in Melghat with induced abortions (IA). In Sewagram villages of 24 (4.3%) who had complications of SA, 33.3% each (1.4% of SA)reported vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, weakness 29.16%(1.2%SA),backache%(0.7% of SA),fever 12.5%(0.5% of SA),vaginal discharge 8.33% (0.3% of SA), other complications 8.33% (0.36% of SA). Of 7 (3.9% of all 177), who had complications after IA, 57.1% (2.2% of all IA) reportedvaginal bleeding, 28.5% (1.1% of IA) abdominal pain. In Melghat 4 reported complications after SA (0.32% SA), 2 (0.16 % SA), abdominal pain, one (0.08% SA) vaginal bleeding, one (0.08% of SA) backache.In Melghat of 2 women (3.7%) out of 27 IA cases who had complications. one had vaginal bleeding, discharge, pain,weakness, other vaginal bleeding. In Melghat2 of total 6 sought health facility care, no specialists in spite of complications. There was neither abortion related mortality nor near miss morbidity, severe morbidity. CONCLUSION Research is needed about traditional therapies, reverse pharmacology, socio behavioral issues in addition to creating awareness of abortion complications, long term sequlae, necessity of care seeking.

As considered to be less risky, less expensive, and more convenient than radiological examinations, ultrasound has been routinely employed in prenatal exams for the past decades. However, the quality of acquired ultrasound samples, i.e., ultrasound images or videos, and the further diagnosis is crucially depended on the sonographer. At the meantime, there are an extremely limited number of experienced sonographer available for the fetal ultrasound screening. Therefore, to reduce the workload of sonographers, and to promote the quality of fetal ultrasound screening, a deep convolutional neural network based framework is proposed for automatically differentiating five types of fetal head ultrasound standard planes, i.e., Transventricular plane (TV), Transthalamic plane (TT), Transcerebellar plane (TC), Coronal view of eyes (Eyes), Coronal view of nose (Nose), and other non-standard fetal head ultrasound images (Background). A dataset consists of 19928 fetal ultrasound images is applied for the model training and performance evaluation. By combining object detection network, object classification network, and model stacking technique, the proposed framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance with the average accuracy of 89.61% and the average F-1 score of 89.61%.

Mini-commentary on BJOG- 19-1590.R1: Obstetric outcomes of twin pregnancies presenting with a complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent normal fetus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dear Editor, We would like to thank Dr. Lamont and colleagues for their interesting commentary.1 The authors point out very pressing topics that deserve more attention than we could provide in the original manuscript.They expressed concerns in their letter towards the heterogeneity of the data that were used in our meta-analysis. If incidences differ between regions and populations, absolute numbers on colonisation and neonatal infections might not be comparable. However, new policies were implemented in various settings, where differences in outcomes were measured under the same local circumstances. So as rightly mentioned by Lamont et al, data from the US cannot and should not be used as a blueprint for other parts of the world.1 Yet the general trend in developed countries that we observed, might shed some new light on the respective effectiveness of the strategies currently available.

Mini-commentary on BJOG-20-0063.R1: Association of maternal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and preterm birth: a cohort study

A document by Kyoo-Man Ha. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective We aimed to measure the changes in serum P-LAP levels during different periods of pregnancy, and establish healthy RIs for clinicians. Methods Establish RIs for serum P-LAP between non-pregnant women and healthy pregnant women during first, second and third trimester. Results In controls the serum P-LAP RI was 33.68–56.83 U/L. Among healthy pregnant women, the P-LAP RI was 34.93–66.74 U/L in the first trimester, 69.58–200.34 U/L in the second trimester, and 76.31–408.71 U/L in the third trimester. Conclusion The RIs of serum P-LAP in healthy pregnant women providing RIs for clinical and laboratory work.

The biomarker NLR, which was known as an indicator for systematic inflammation, has been testified to be a prognostic factor for DLBCL patients in recent years. Here, we conducted a systemic in-depth study of neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of the patients and their dynamics along with chemoimmunotherapy. A total of 61 patients diagnosed with DLBCL were enrolled. Detection of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry was conducted at diagnose and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 cycles’ treatment of R-CHOP. Alterations of neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets and their dynamics after treatment in patients were analyzed. Neutrophils of stage III-IV DLBCL patients were increased(p=0.012), while lymphocytes were decreased(p=0.025). So, the patients had significantly increased NLR(p＜0.001). Further analyze of lymphocyte subsets showed a significantly reduced CD4+ T cells in DLBCL patients(p=0.001). Patients with a lower lymphocyte count(＜1.26*10E9/L) were more susceptible to infection (p＜0.001). NK cells was much higher in patients achieved CR than that of non-CR(p=0.032). Higher neutrophils and NLR were associated with poor PFS (p=0.001, p=0.045) . Cells in peripheral blood of DLBCL patients were dysregulated, featured with increased neutrophils and reduced lymphocytes. Higher NK cells in patients predicted better treatment outcomes. Higher neutrophils and NLR can be regarded as inferior prognostic factors for DLBCL patients.

Rationale Severe eosinophilic asthma is characterized by airway eosinophilia and corticosteroid-resistance, commonly overlapping with type-2 inflammation. It has been reported that CCL5 is involved in asthma exacerbation due to RNA virus infections. We hypothesized that treatment with a virus-associated ligand and a Th2-cytokine can synergistically stimulate CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells. We also aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying CCL5 production in this in vitro model and to assess the potential of JAK1 as a novel therapeutic target via the use of ruxolitinib. Methods We stimulated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and BEAS-2B cells with poly (I:C) along with IL-13 or IL-4, and assessed CCL5 production. We also evaluated the signals involved in virus- and Th2-cytokine-induced CCL5 production and explored a therapeutic agent that attenuates the CCL5 production. Results Poly (I:C) stimulated NHBE and BEAS-2B cells to produce CCL5. Poly (I:C) and IL-13 increased CCL5 production. Poly (I:C)-induced CCL5 production occurred via the TLR3-IRF3 and IFNAR/JAK1-PI3K pathways, but not the IFNAR/JAK1-STATs pathway. In addition, IL-13 did not augment poly (I:C)-induced CCL5 production via the canonical IL-13R/IL-4R/JAK1-STAT6 pathway but likely via subsequent TLR3-IRF3-IFNAR/JAK1-PI3K pathways. JAK1 was identified to be a potential therapeutic target for severe eosinophilic asthma. The JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was demonstrated to more effectively decrease CCL5 production in BEAS-2B cells than fluticasone propionate. Conclusion We have demonstrated that JAK1 is a possible therapeutic target for severe corticosteroid-resistant asthma with airway eosinophilia and persistent Th2-type inflammation, and that ruxolitinib has potential as an alternative pharmacotherapy.

Abstract: Interrogation of chromatin modifications, such as DNA methylation, has potential to improve forecasting and conservation of marine ecosystems. The standard method for assaying DNA methylation (Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing), however, is too costly to apply at the scales required for ecological research. Here we evaluate different methods for measuring DNA methylation for ecological epigenetics. We compare Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) with Methylated CpG Binding Domain Sequencing (MBD-seq), and a modified version of MethylRAD we term methylation-dependent Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing (mdRAD). We evaluate these three assays in measuring variation in methylation across the genome, between genotypes, and between polyp types in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora. We find that all three assays measure absolute methylation levels similarly, with tight correlations for methylation of gene bodies (gbM), as well as exons and 1Kb windows. Correlations for differential gbM between genotypes were weaker, but still concurrent across assays. We detected little to no reproducible differences in gbM between polyp types. We conclude that MBD-seq and mdRAD are reliable cost-effective alternatives to WGBS. Moreover, the considerably lower sequencing effort required for mdRAD to produce comparable methylation estimates makes it particularly useful for ecological epigenetics.

Although sex assignment is essential to study biology and ecology of a given animal, in Xenarthra there is still no standardized assay for gender genetic identification. Here, we evaluate the potential of two nuclear fragments [SRY (~180pb) and Zinc finger (~400pb) genes] for sex identification of specimens who have lost their morphological characteristics because of road-kills. DNA samples from seven Xenarthra species were amplified and sequenced for one or both segments. Finally, we performed a case study using tissue samples from road-kill carcasses, which supported the suitability of our markers for poor-quality DNA. The method proved to be efficient for different types of samples and may be especially useful for studies using road-killed and hunted animals.

Objective This paper proposed the method of real-time detection of CNS diseases using object recognition network that mainly detects abnormal planes in video and evaluates the performance and feasibility of the object recognition network in classifying disease planes. Design Central nervous system cases, random sampling. Setting Prenatal ultrasound images from Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Hubei. Sample A total of 515 fetal with First-trimesters. Methods Compare the three different models was training by the same dataset, including Exencephaly plane, Holoprosencephaly plane, and two normal planes. Main Outcome Measures Compare the F1 scores of other classification networks on the original dataset and the ROI dataset and test the detection speed and accuracy in the real-time video. Results The our model achieved 92% accuracy in the test set, this result is higher than other models in the classification accuracy of the original data and ROI data is 56% and 87%, and can achieve real-time detection and location that to detect the speed of each frame in 0.04 seconds. Conclusions The aim is to detect disease planes of the CNS in real-time. But the model still has deficiencies and lacks confidence in the detection of certain disease levels, when there is the fake shadow in the disease plane, the model can easily detect erroneous results. This is unavoidable to small data sets, and the model also needs to continuously increase non-disease data to reduce the error rate. The results of this article have greatly increased our confidence and are instructive for future work.

New composites have been synthesized containing nanographite (nGr) particles as platforms for the deposition of UiO-66 crystals. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The addition of nGr markedly increased the porosity determined by N2 adsorption (0.5 nm ultramicropores were formed, and the volume in pores > 1.1 nm increased). This was the result of defects formation either on UiO-66 or at the nGr/UiO-66 interface. To assess the adsorptive properties and the accessibility of the pores, adsorption of H2, CO2, C2H4 and C2H6 was measured. The results have shown that not only the extent of the porosity but also the interactions with the graphite phase and the accessibility to the pores affect the amount adsorbed and the strength of adsorption. Generally, the formation of composites had a positive effect on the adsorption properties owing to an increased surface heterogeneity and porosity.

Background My internship at The Hyve is focused on addressing the performance issues encountered with data analysis of big observational health data (OHD) and analytical type (OLAP) workloads (e.g. “give me all the patients that smoke and have high blood pressure readings”) composed of healthcare relevant aggregation queries. Current implementations use traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) to store OHD. An example use case is tranSMART \cite{athey2013transmart} which uses PostgreSQL \cite{database} as the main DBMS. The data is normalized in these systems; instead of having repeated data in a flat database, separate database tables are created to store this data and a key links it back to the main table. In terms of physical storage, all attributes of a record are stored contiguously on the disk. Under RDBMS there is both OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and OLAP (Online Analytical Processing). In general, OLTP workloads are characterized by vast numbers of simple transactional SQL processes (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE). The main focus lies on quick processing of queries and managing data integrity. RDBMSs effectively perform OLTP-style processes in high throughput due to the row store architecture. On the other hand, OLAP processes are defined by complex ad-hoc queries involving aggregations and a rather low number of transactions.