Among many operating parameters that control cell culture environment, appropriate mixing and aeration are crucial for cells to meet oxygen demand in aerobic microbial and mammalian production processes. A model-based manufacturing facility fit approach was applied to define agitation and air flow rates during cell culture process scale-up from laboratory to manufacturing, of which computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was the core modeling tool. The realizable k-ε turbulent dispersed Eulerian two-fluid model was used to simulate gas-liquid flow in the bioreactor and predict volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients ( kLa), where the simulation was performed in the basal medium and the resulting kLa was adjusted using modification factors for surfactants such as Pluronic F68 and Antifoam C. The CFD prediction of kLa resulted in adequate agreement with the empirical values in 15,000-L and 25,000-L bioreactors. The model was then applied to define a range of agitation and bottom air flow rates for meeting cellular oxygen demand and mitigating risks of cell damage and safety hazards. The recommended operating conditions led to the completion of five manufacturing runs with a 100% success rate. The model-based approach reduced the required number of at scale development batches and hence enabled seamless scale-up, shortened timelines, and cost savings in cell culture process technology transfer.

A rise in global warming has been observed as a result of ozone layer destruction, which makes it possible for UVB radiation to pass through the atmosphere and kill people. It is believed that the daily exposure to UVB radiation has biological effects on both humans and other living things. Concerning effect of UVB radiations, we examine the instinctive mechanism by which a specific amount of radiation induces oxidative stress and hyperthyroidism, which is further controlled by the antioxidant activity of Naringin (NG), due to the detrimental effects of UVB radiation on the biological system. For these examinations twenty-four adult male albino mice were divided into four equal groups; control group, UVB exposed group (2 hrs/day), UVB+NG treated group (80 mg/kg b.w), and NG-treated group. Doses were given orally, daily for 15 consecutive days. Specimens of the thyroid gland were processed for hormonal, biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence examinations. A morphometric study and statistical analysis of the findings were performed for different groups. Compared to the control group, the specimens of the UVB exposed mice showed alteration in mean height of the thyroid follicular epithelial cells and caspase-3, NOS-2 and THRβ-1 expression. In contrast, naringin prevent the changes caused due to repeated UVB radiations.

Cobalt-phthalocyanine (CoPc) catalysts have shown great promise for enhancing the performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, offering benefits such as efficient lithium storage, high reversible capacity, improved cycle performance, and enhanced charge and discharge capacity. In this study, we focused on the synthesis of CoPc-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites with porous structure. The composites were prepared by synthesizing CoPc compounds and interacting them with CNTs using a 3D ball mill shaker. Comprehensive spectroscopic techniques including NMR, FTIR, and UV were employed to characterize the newly synthesized phthalonitrile and phthalocyanine compounds. The surface morphologies of the composite materials were investigated using SEM, EDX, mapping and TEM analysis, enabling the determination of particle sizes and chemical compositions. XRD and XPS analyses confirmed that the composite structures were consistent with the existing literature. BET analysis revealed multilayer isotherm for the composites, indicating their favorable properties. The composite catalysts were incorporated into batteries and their performance was evaluated through various electrochemical tests. Notably, the CoPc1-CNT composite exhibited a remarkable discharge capacity of 3400 mAh g-1catalyst in the prepared battery.

In this paper, we consider the following fractional Schrödinger equation ε 2 s ( − ∆ ) s u + V ( x ) u = P ( x ) f ( u ) + Q ( x ) | u | 2 s ∗ − 2 u in R N , where ε>0 is a parameter, s∈(0 ,1), 2 s ∗ = 2 N N − 2 s , N>2 s, ( − ∆ ) s is the fractional Lapalacian and f is a superlinear and subcritical nonlinearity. Under a local condition imposed on the potential function, combining the penalization method and the concentration-compactness principle, we prove the existence of a positive solution for the above equations.

This study's ambitious purpose is to examine how rheological effects on peristaltic activity through a tube and electro-osmotic processes interact. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is taken into account to investigate the electro-kinetic phenomenon. A fractional second-grade liquid model is used to explain the rheological deeds of the liquid. An aqueous ionic solution like blood is considered. Using Caputo's definition, the problem's analytical resolution is attained. With a peristaltic cylindrical tube, the consequences of double-diffusive convection on the viscoelastic fluid are brought up. To examine the unique characteristics of pressure rise and friction force, numerical integration is used. Many regulatory elements' effects are looked at and shown in a series of graphs. The significance of the findings lies in their demonstration that pressure gradient continuously improves as the exterior electric field's intensity upsurges. It is as well strong that the pressure gradient's negative value can be influenced by how strong the external electric field becomes. The analysis that is being given is anticipated to be extremely beneficial in the treatment of tissue cancer.

Background: Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in Henan Province in 2009. Most studies of this treatment strategy focus on drug resistance and treatment failure, not on mortality. To investigate the survival and effectors of mortality among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who switched to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural China. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who switched to second-line ART between May 1, 2010 to May 1, 2016. The data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Among 3331 PLHIV who were followed for 26988 person-years, 508 (15.3%) died and the mortality rate was 1.88/100 person-years. After adjusting for confounding factors multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified female (HR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.55–0.79), age >50 years (HR, 2.69; 95%CI, 2.03–3.56), sig/window (HR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.04–1.52) , educational status >6 years (HR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.65–0.94), Chinese medicine(CM) (HR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.52–0.96), liver injury (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.19–2.10), CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/µl (HR, 1.94; 95%CI, 1.47-2.55), and CD4+ T cell count 200-350 cells/µl (HR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.03–1.82) as independently variables associated with mortality. Conclusions: Our retrospective cohort study indicates that mortality among PLHIV who switched to second-line ART was lower compared with most other studies. However, the limitations of a retrospective cohort may have biased the data, so prospective studies should be carried out to confirm our primary results. The results of our study suggest that Chinese medicine therapy shows potential as a treatment for PLHIV.

In this paper, a noise and power-optimized fully-differential capacitive feedback CMOS preamplifier circuit is designed using a commercial 0.35 μm CMOS technology node. The designed preamplifier circuit is part of an analog front-end SoC, which monitors the human electrocardiogram (ECG) using dry electrodes. The transistors in the interface circuit are biased in weak inversion region for lower total input referred noise and power dissipation respectively. With an input referred noise of 14.5 μ V RMS and 2.55 μW power dissipation, the resultant preamplifier achieves a gain of 52dB over a bandwidth range of 0.003 Hz to 880 Hz with Noise Efficiency Factor (NEF) of 2.52.

Abstract This review explores the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of e-health initiatives in primary care settings. It identifies several key factors that hinder the widespread adoption of e-health applications, including the lack of adequate awareness of medical informatics and e-health’s role in healthcare development, insufficient evidence on their effectiveness, difficulties in meeting the costs of developing and implementing e-health infrastructure, and the marginalization of the private sector and private health institutions. Furthermore, the review highlights issues such as low health and informatics literacy among society, the weakness of laws and regulations on the provision of e-health services, and the lack or weakness of qualified human resources. It also emphasizes the need for addressing these challenges through evidence-based strategies, collaboration between stakeholders, improved education and training, and the development of comprehensive legal frameworks. By overcoming these obstacles, the review suggests that e-health has the potential to enhance healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to achieving broader public health goals.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited blood disorder of public health concern in India. Individuals with SCD may encounter stigma, discrimination, and misconceptions about their condition, leading to feelings of isolation and frustration. It is important to note that the psychological impact of SCD can vary among individuals. Some may develop resilience and coping strategies to manage the challenges, while others may require additional support from healthcare professionals, psychologists, or support groups to address their psychological needs. The multidisciplinary approach involving medical care, psychological support, and social interventions is crucial in improving the overall well-being of individuals living with sickle cell disease. While the clinical aspects of SCD are significant, it’s also important to consider the psychological aspects that can affect individuals with the condition. In this context, there is a pressing need for societal support pillars which empower SCD patients and improves their quality of life. In this context, there is a pressing need for societal support pillars which empower SCD patients and improves their quality of life. The impact of societal support pillars on SCD patients is substantial. Strengthening healthcare systems, fostering robust social support networks, facilitating inclusive educational environments, and raising public awareness are integral components of comprehensive care for individuals living with SCD. All these pillars can significantly improve the quality of life and outcomes for SCD patients, ultimately leading to a more inclusive and supportive society.

Introduction: The novel corona-virus outbreak three years ago has changed people’s lives, with different responses around the world. As the largest developing country, China has taken strict prevention and control measures against this endemic. Although it is not very convenient, people have been used to such prevention and control methods. In December, 2022, China changed the prevention and control measures, a large number of patients were infected in a short period of time. Outpatient department acted as the first line of the hospital, and outpatient nurses acted as fighters, facing great difficulties and psychological pressure.In-depth understanding of the real experience of outpatient nurses after the change of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China will provide reference for further improving the management level of emergency nursing. Methods: From December 2022 to January 2023, in the initial stage of the change of endemic prevention measures, 16 outpatient nurses from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University conducted semi-structured interviews, and analyzed the interview data by Colaizzi analysis. Results: Based on the real experience of 16 outpatient nurses in this special period, four themes were extracted. The themes were the following:(1)Ethical challenges; (2)Changes in life; (3)Get experience, normalize, and adapt to the endemic; (4)Re-understanding for work and life. The suggestions were the following:(1)Pay more attention to the emotional changes of the outpatient nurses, and give them psychological support; (2)Strengthen the social support system and provide good logistics support; (3)Improve the management system, and pay attention to the suggestions and reflections of medical staff. Conclusion: Through this interview, it was discovered that outpatient nurses demonstrated a strong sense of responsibility and mission during the process of epidemic prevention policy changes. However, they also experienced negative psychological effects due to inadequate understanding of the disease, heavy treatment tasks, and risk of self-infection. Therefore, managers should optimize human resource allocation, promptly alleviate negative emotions among outpatient nurses, and provide them with psychological counseling services.

Although Top-down (TD) proteomics techniques, aimed at the analysis of intact proteins and proteoforms, are becoming increasingly popular, efforts are needed at different levels to generalise its adoption. In this context, there are numerous improvements that are possible in the area of open science including the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) data principles. These include e.g. increased data sharing practices and availability of tailored open data standards. Additionally, the field would benefit from the development of open analysis workflows that can enable e.g. data reuse of public datasets, something that is increasingly common in other proteomics fields. We present an open and modular platform for the analysis and visualisation of TD proteomics data called TopDownApp. It can be used as a flexible analysis platform, through the use of a common workflow engine, common data formats for input/output, and software containerisation. It can also serve as a tool for visual inspection through its simple setup. As a key point, it can also be used as a development platform for new tools through the use of Python, a modular design, software containerisation and common data formats. TopDownApp is open source and freely available at: https://github.com/mwalzer/TopDownApp.

958 lung tissue samples of swine influenza were collected in Guangxi from 2013 to 2014 to further study the pathogenic mechanism and prevention and control technology of influenza virus, and influenza virus isolation and biological characteristics analysis of Eurasian avian influenza (ER-H1N1) were performed. The positive rate of the 14 strains of ER-H1N1 swine influenza virus isolated was 1.46%, with 8 gene pieces all from avian sublineages, followed by recombinant Pdm/09 H1N1 fragments. Although their HA cleavage site is PSIQSR↓GLF or GIF, which has typical low-pathogenicity characteristics, the isolated virus strain grows well on the cell, and after the BALB/c mouse challenge experiment, the evidence of the isolated strain multiplying in the respiratory tract of mice is obvious, and the mice lose weight quickly, all die within a week and are accompanied by severe systemic infection. Based on changes in the amino acid residues of the A/swine/Guangxi/6/2013 (No.6) strain, it is thought that the NA protein E119G mutation is the main site where highly dangerous changes happen. D 701N mutations in the PB2 strains G2, g14, g21, g30, S2, 32, 7, and 8 show that these strains are gradually adapting to human sources. According to the traits of strains 30, G2, G14, and G21, NP develops D375 E, which boosts pathogenicity. In summary, the ER-H1N1 subtype influenza virus is widespread in the Guangxi swine herd, and it is pathogenic to mice, with the trend of genomes derived from Pdm/09 H1N1 fragments increasing.

Background: The increasing COVID-19 cases and rising scientific interest on the role of ABO blood type in disease susceptibility and outcomes highlight the need to explore the associations among Filipinos, cognizant of racial and genetic predisposition. This study determined the relative risk of COVID-19 infection and disease outcomes with ABO blood type among Filipino patients. Methods: Employing an ambispective cohort, 550 consecutively-selected, hospitalized Filipino adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result were included. Medical records of previously admitted patients were retrospectively reviewed and pertinent data were extracted. Prospectively, patients who were still admitted were recruited and followed-up. Risk ratio estimated the risk of primary (COVID-19 infection and severity) and secondary outcomes (ICU admission, intubation, and mortality). Findings: The risk of COVID-19 infection was 20% higher among type A (aRR=1·20, p=0·021) but was 19% lower among type O (aRR=0·84, p=0·023). Blood type A (aRR=1·25, p=0·041) was 25% at greater risk for severe-to-critical COVID-19 infection, while moderate COVID-19 was 62% higher among type AB (aRR=1·62, p=0.037) and was 54% lower among type O (aOR=0·65, p=0·010). ABO blood type did not predict any disease outcomes. Interpretation: ABO blood type was an independent predictor of COVID-19 infection and severity but not disease outcomes. Type A has higher risk for COVID-19 infection and severe-to-critical COVID-19, while type O had lower risk. This information can be utilized in identifying the population-at-risk, developing programs and interventions, increasing vigilance in medical management, and promoting adherence to precautionary and protective health-seeking behaviors. Funding: Philippine Council for Health Research and Development

Hantaviridae currently encompasses seven genera and 54 species. Multiple hantaviruses, such as Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Puumala virus, Andes virus, and Sin Nombre virus, are highly pathogenic to humans. They cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HCPS/HPS) in many countries. Some hantaviruses infect wild or domestic animals without causing severe symptoms. Rodents, shrews, and bats are reservoirs of various mammalian hantaviruses. Studies on the genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenicity, and control of hantaviruses, as well as patient treatment, have made significant advances in recent years. Meanwhile, novel hantaviruses infecting bats, rodents, shrews, amphibians, and fish have been identified. This systematic review compiles these advancements to aid researchers and the public in better recognizing this zoonotic virus family with global public health significance.

Whole genome sequencing data allow survey of variation from across the genome, reducing the constraint of balancing genome sub-sampling with recombination rates and linkage between sampled markers and target loci. As sequencing costs decrease, low coverage whole genome sequencing of pooled or indexed-individual samples is commonly utilized to identify loci associated with phenotypes or environmental axes in non-model organisms. There are, however, relatively few publicly available bioinformatic pipelines designed explicitly to analyze these types of data, and fewer still that process the raw sequencing data, provide useful metrics of quality control, and then execute analyses. Here, we present an updated version of a bioinformatics pipeline called POOLPARTY2 that can effectively handle either pooled or indexed DNA samples and includes new features to improve computational efficiency. Using simulated data, we demonstrate the ability of our pipeline to recover segregating variants, estimate their allele frequencies accurately, and identify genomic regions harboring loci under selection. Based on the simulated data set, we benchmark the efficacy of our pipeline with another bioinformatic suite, ANGSD, and illustrate the compatibility and complementarity of these suites by using ANGSD to generate genotype likelihoods as input for identifying linkage outlier regions using alignment files and variants provided by POOLPARTY2. Finally, we apply our updated pipeline to an empirical dataset of low coverage whole genomic data from uncurated population samples of Columbia River steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), results from which demonstrate the genomic impacts of decades of artificial selection in a prominent hatchery stock.

Background: Several studies imply that influenza and other respiratory illness could lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but data from low-income countries are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of recent respiratory illnesses and confirmed influenza in AMI patients, while also exploring their relationship with infarction severity as defined by ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or high troponin levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study, held at a Dhaka tertiary hospital from May 2017 to October 2018, involved AMI inpatients. The study examined self-reported clinical respiratory illnesses (CRI) in the week before AMI onset and confirmed influenza using baseline qRT-PCR. Results: Of 744 patients, 11.3% reported a recent CRI, most prominently during the 2017 influenza season (35.7%). qRT-PCR testing found evidence of influenza in 1.5% of 546 patients, with all positives among STEMI cases. Frequencies of CRI were higher in patients with STEMI and in those with high troponin levels, although these associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for other variables. The risk of STEMI was significantly greater during influenza seasons in unadjusted analysis (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.18), however, this relationship was not significant in the adjusted analysis (aRR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91- 1.16). Conclusions: In Bangladesh, many AMI patients had a recent respiratory illness history, with some showing evidence of influenza. However, these illnesses showed no significant relationship to AMI severity. Further research is needed to understand these associations better and to investigate the potential benefits of infection control measures and influenza vaccinations in reducing AMI incidence.

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Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) , most common malignancy amongst children with front-line treatment considered major success, 20% of children predicted to either relapse or show resistance to treatment with reported dismal outcomes. Aim: To evaluate clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with refractory / relapsed ALL and to determine 3-year overall survival ouctomes. Method: Retrospective review of patients (aged 1 -14 years) diagnosed with ALL during the period January 2002 to December 2018, data extracted for details of baseline characteristics at diagnosis and at relapse . Results: Total of 347 newly diagnosed children with ALL identified, three induction failures and 28 relapses, with total 31 patients a cohort relapse rate of 9% observed. The male-to-female ratio observed is 4.16:1 and mean duration of CR1 was 26 months : 15 (48%) relapsing ≤ 18 months,seven (23%) during 18 to 36 months and nine (29%) relapsed > 36 months of IF or CR1.Eighteen patients (62%) had isolated BM relapse, six (20%) patients experience isolated Extra-medullary relapse and five (17%) patients experienced BM with other sites. Three-year Overall Survival (OS) of the cohort was 62.3%, while of those patients who achieved CR post first-salvage therapy 3-year OS of 79.5% observed with a statistically significant difference, p value <0.05 comparing to patients who did not achieve remission post first-salvage therapy (3-year OS: 46.4%). The same statistical difference observed in 3-years OS observed comparing duration of remission of CR prior to relapse: ≤ 18 months: 33.2%; 18 – 36 months: 66.7% and > 36 months: 87.5%; the same trend continued when comparing 3-years OS based on risk stratification at relapse: LR: 83.3%; IR: 80% and HR: 44.8%. Conclusion: Incidence and outcomes reported on this study is comparable to internationally reported data with duration of CR1, risk-stratification at relapse and remission status post-salvage therapy determined as significant prognostic factors for survival. No survivial difference amongst patients who received HSCT after induction to those who received chemotherapy, could be attributed to a smaller sample size warranting a multi-institutional observational study. The findings corroborates with the need for novel therapies and treatment approaches in these group of patients

This article explores the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine liquid drip therapy in treating and caring for vocal disorders in singing. Through various statistical methods, the optimal treatment and care durations for different voice disorders and singing groups were determined, and the acting mechanism of the treatment was revealed. Results showed that Chinese medicine liquid drip therapy is highly effective and safe in treating and caring for various vocal disorders. For vocal music major students, vocal music teachers, and actors with vocal cord edema, polyps, nodules, cysts, hoarseness, vocal fatigue, and other symptoms, the best treatment and care durations were found to be 14 days and 5 days, respectively. This research provides a theoretical basis and data support for promoting the use of traditional Chinese medicine liquid drip therapy for vocal health.

The purpose of this study is to outline global performance and to quantitatively evaluate the current research field hot spots, and the future trends about the water footprint. Bibliometric methods are used to analyze 861 records retrieved from the collection of Web of Science Core (WoS). The performance of publications, categories, countries, institutes, research hot spots, and trends is analyzed in this study by applying CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools. The results revealed that publications about water footprint have experienced two stages: a stable rising period and a rapid rising period. The research pertaining to water footprint is mainly in the fields of virtual water, water use efficiency, water scarcity, water pollution, etc. The People’s Republic of China, The United States of America, Iran, New Zealand, and Italy get higher rankings in paper output, and the Chinese Acad of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Northwest A&F University, Beijing Forestry University, University of Twente and Hohai University achieve a high ranking on water footprint research. In addition, further studies in research frontiers have revealed that climate change, sustainable agriculture, and water conservation will become popular directions and trends in water footprint research.

Wireless networks have become increasingly popular in recent decades for both residential and commercial networking. Currently, people use smart mobile devices that are fitted with a range of wireless networking interfaces to conduct short-term or long-term business, connect, socialize, and browse the Internet. Because wireless technologies and mobile devices have made amazing advancements, users need smooth, continuous, and faultless services with Quality of Service (QoS) from every origin to device at any given time while on the go or stationary. In order to accommodate the increasing traffic demands and service requirements, the next generation of wireless infrastructures (5G) paradigm will feature a high deployment of base stations and a variety of RATs, including Wireless Local, Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks (WLAN, WMAN, WWAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and Wireless Broadband (WiBro). However, no single RAT can simultaneously provide mobile users with high bandwidth, low latency, widespread coverage, and high QoS levels. Hence, this book chapter seeks to elucidate the varying kinds of vertical handover techniques that could be adopted to meet the demands of mobile users based on QoS and QoE.

Hodgkin lymphoma is a haematolymphoid malignancy seen in pediatric and adult age groups with an excellent outcome. The current priority of the treatment has been a reduction of acute and chronic morbidities without compromising outcomes. PET-CT scan is an integral component in prognosticating and determining outcomes in Hodgkin lymphoma. Recent studies have highlighted the role of interim PET-CT scan in choosing future therapy. The evidence to support the role of interim PET-CT scan in childhood Hodgkin lymphoma is limited. The aim of the study is to analyse the role of interim PET-CT in the management of childhood HL, and to investigate survival outcomes of children treated at our institute. This is a retrospective study and included all the children with HL treated at our institute in last five years. All the children were treated as per ESMO guidelines. Interim PET-CT scan was done after two cycles of chemotherapy. The correlation of various possible risk factors with the outcomes was examined. Only the interim PET/CT findings were associated with the results. At median follow-up of 34 months, the event free survival (EFS) was 95.7% and overall survival (OS) was 100%. Interim PET-CT plays an important role in treatment modification without compromising on the outcomes in children with HL. Survival rates were consistent with those reported in published literature.

Double orifice mitral valve is a rare congenital anomaly that is often associated with other congenital cardiac abnormalities. Patients may present with valvular dysfunction or may be asymptomatic and have an incidental diagnosis of double outlet mitral valve. Whether symptoms due to this pathology are present or not, it is important to accurately characterize this lesion. 3-dimensional imaging is a powerful diagnostic modality for diagnosing and characterizing lesions such as this as highlighted in this case image series.

Short Title: Anti-hypertensive Effect of a novel ARNi-S086