Brucella, a zoonotic agent is a rare pathogen of the lung. This intracellular organism can involve pleura in sub-acute and chronic course of the disease, and it should be considered in endemic area of brucellosis. Here, we present an extremely rare case of brucella pleurisy that referred with chest pain.

Background: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), a common obstetric complication that seriously threatens maternal and infant health. The current clinical treatment drugs include methyldopa, calcium channel blockers, etc. In order to provide evidence-based medicine for the treatment and medication of gestational hypertension, this study compared the efficacy and safety of different drugs in the treatment of gestational hypertension through network meta-analysis. Methods: Search and select relevant articles in the published and unpublished available data from Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL,, etc. To assess the efficacy and safety of HDP treatment, 4 primary outcomes [SBP, DBP, perinatal fetal deaths, and NICU cases] and 9 secondary outcomes were selected. Results: 50 articles with 8212 participants were included. Low molecular weight heparin (LMH), Labetalol + LMH and Labetalol + Methyldopa can reduce DBP, and Ambrisentan + Methyldopa can prevent the occurrence of severe hypertension. Methyldopa and Atenolol were associated with lower rates of preterm birth, and Nifedipine, Methyldopa as well as Labetalol reduced the incidence of placental abruption. Ambrisentan + Nifedipine, Methyldopa, Labetalol + Nimodipine, Labetalol + LMH, Labetalol and LMH significantly reduced the incidence of postpartum complications. Magnesium sulfate (SM) and SM+ LMH can prolong the mean gestational age, LMH and Kethyldopa can reduce perinatal fetal death. Conclusions: LMH, labetalol, Methyldopa, labetalol in combination with LMH, and labetalol in combination with Methyldopa have better efficacy and safety.

Nowadays, the clinical application of antitumor drugs tends towards precision and individualization. Numerous efforts have been put in exploiting technologies to precisely discern the features of tumors and discover the possible response of every cancer patient to antitumor drugs at multiple dimensions from genes, proteins, tissues to whole organism, including Genomic data, histological information, functional drug profiling and drug metabolism of cancer patients can be obtained through polymerase chain reaction, sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry staining, patient-derived tumor xenograft models, patient-derived organoid models and therapeutic drug monitoring. The application of various detection technologies in clinical practice has enabled ‘individualized treatment’ to be realized, but the ideal accuracy effect has not yet been achieved. More novel technologies or technology combinations are needed to predict the correlation between detection information and therapeutic effect, and to put forward more accurate and effective therapeutic strategies for every patient. Here, we briefly summarize the conventional and state-of-the-art technologies contributing to the clinical individualized medication and their application in clinical practice, attempting to seek therapy options that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes.

This review paper explores the concepts of Human Centered AI. It basically considers the various theoretical principles, theories, and paradigms. It further explores the various works in the field of Human Centered AI and the opportunities after a structured literature survey was done on a number of online journal databases. Using the PRISMA model, we screened available literature and further categorized them into various classifications. This paper agrees to the notion that there is an intrinsic need to balance human involvement with increasing computer automation. This is relevant in achieving fair, just and reliable systems especially in the era of chatbots and other AI systems. The related works also throws more light on various applications that revolve around the concept of Human Centered AI. Among the host of research suggestions for future work, we recommend a further extension of the 2-dimensional human-computer autonomy by Shneiderman and other recommendations in the fields considered. We further recommend more commitment and attention to balance human control over contemporary intelligent systems.

Mixotrophs are ubiquitous and integral to microbial food webs, but their impacts on the dynamics and functioning of broader ecosystems are largely unresolved. Here, we show that mixotrophy produces a unique, dynamic type of food web module that exhibits unusual ecological dynamics, with surprising consequences for carbon flux under warming. We find that mixotrophs generate alternative stable carbon states across temperatures---including an autotrophy-dominant carbon sink state, a heterotrophy-dominant carbon source state, and cycling between these two. Moreover, warming always shifts this mixotrophic system from a carbon sink state to a carbon source state, but increasing nutrients erases early warning signals of this transition and expands hysteresis. This suggests that mixotrophs can generate critical carbon tipping points under warming that will be more abrupt and less reversible when combined with increased nutrient levels, having widespread implications for ecosystem functioning in the face of rapid global change.

Objective Anaemia during pregnancy is higher in developing countries like India and associated with an increased risk to maternal health and outcomes. The present study estimates the prevalence and determinant risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in India. Design Cross-sectional Setting Data from a nationally representative household survey of National Family Health Survey-5 conducted during 2019-21. Population A total of 27,317 currently pregnant women with anaemia status. Methods Estimating the prevalence differences and risk factors using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Main outcome measures Anaemia Results About 52.2% of pregnant women in India were anaemic and prevalence was higher among women with no education (59.2%), belonging to poorest wealth quintile (61.9%), and scheduled tribes (59.3%) compared to their counterparts. The socio-economic determinant factors for severe anaemia were no education (aOR 4.07, 95% CI 3.40-4.86), poorest wealth quintile (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.73-2.43), and no exposure to media (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.70-2.60) than their counterparts. Women who were vegetarian (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.64-1.93), had previous abortion (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.58-2.47) and stillbirth (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.66-2.64) are more likely to have severe anaemia than non-vegetarian, and those in first pregnancy. Among women with gestation of ≤20 weeks, underweight were more likely to have severe anaemia (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.44-1.79). Conclusion Different geographical, socio-economic and clinical factors influence high prevalence and severity of anaemia among pregnant Indian women. Social norms-based interventions and strengthening the community health facilitators may help to combat high burden of anaemia.

o Objective: To probe the relationship between socioeconomic variables and cesarean section (CS) by studying indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) previously unexamined in the United States (US). o Design: Retrospective review of government data. o Setting: New York City. o Population or Sample: Women (n=80,506) who gave birth to a live child during 2018. o Methods: Analysis of data from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and from the US census. o Main Outcome Measures: Presence of CS. o Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher odds for CS for higher median household income [US$54,500-$108,499 (OR:1.14, 95% CI:1.02, 1.28, p=0.03) and US$108,500-$380,499 (OR:1.36, 95% CI:1.14, 1.63, p<0.001)], and percent receiving supplemental nutrition assistance program (OR:1.01, 95% CI 1.002, 1.01, p=0.003). Lower odds for CS occurred for per capita income [US$32,500-$54,499 (OR:0.91, 95% CI:0.86, 0.97, p=0.002), US$54,500-$108,499 (OR:0.79, 95% CI:0.71, 0.88, p<0.001), and US$108,500-$380,499 (OR:0.82, 95% CI:0.71, 0.94, p=0.01)]. No significant association occurred for public assistance. o Conclusions: We recommend from a public health perspective that using neighborhood SES information has the potential to improve health systems to better deliver care. Patient preferences may be related to SES. There may be conflicts between obstetric care that is maximally beneficial and patient’s desire for delivery mode. Clinicians should be aware of the potential implications of this dilemma.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the vaginal microbiome (VMB) of a large sample size of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing. Design A cross-sectional study Setting Ji Nan, China Sample A total of 1,446 subjects were recruited (PCOS, n=713, the controls, n=733). Methods Vaginal swabs were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Main outcome measures The microbiome diversity and composition of the PCOS group and control group were compared. In the PCOS prediction model, microbial interaction networks and functions prediction were investigated. Results The PCOS group had a higher alpha diversity in the VMB than controls (P<0.05), while higher intra-group variability was observed in PCOS (P<0.05). At the genus level, the proportion of Lactobacillus in the PCOS group decreased, while the proportion of Gardnerella and Ureaplasma increased (FDR<0.2). Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella buccalis, and Prevotella timonensis were identified as differential species and were strongly associated with blood parameters of PCOS. The VMB interaction network indicated that Prevotella and Lactobacillus may be key drivers in the PCOS group. Overall, 55 differentially predicted genes were found between PCOS and controls (FDR<0.25). Conclusions The PCOS group had a higher diversity in the vaginal microbiome and showed an enhanced level of heterogeneity. The proportion of Lactobacillus in PCOS group decreased, while the proportions of Gardnerella and Ureaplasma increased. These results warrant further research that can validate the correlation between PCOS and VMB.

Epiphytes have long been reported to have larger geographic ranges than terrestrial species, despite evidence of their outstanding diversity and endemism. This apparent contradiction calls for further investigation of epiphytes’ poorly understood range size patterns. Here, we address the question of whether epiphytes have larger geographic ranges than terrestrial species in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, a global centre of epiphyte diversity. In contrasting the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of 12,679 epiphytes and non-epiphytes at varying taxonomic scales, we found that epiphytes have among the smallest geographic ranges of flowering plants and likely a high vulnerability to species extinction. We found no evidence that epiphytism leads to differences in geographic ranges between close relatives. However, epiphytes and non-epiphytes in epiphyte-rich lineages share many diversification mechanisms and ecological adaptations (‘epiphyte-like traits’), which probably explains why both sets of species have small range sizes and high vulnerability to extinction.

A document by Xia Luo, written on Authorea.

Abstract Objective: To analyse the impacts of fresh embryo transfer and frozen‒thawed embryo transfer cycles with different endometrial preparation protocols on clinical outcomes and placental pathology. Design: Retrospective case‒control study. Setting: Peking University Third Hospital. Population: A total of 3920 Single live birth cases after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer cycles. Method: Cases were divided into the fresh embryo transfer, natural cycle (NC)-frozen-thawed embryo transfer and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-FET groups, and clinical outcomes and placental pathology characteristics were compared. Main Outcome Measures: preterm birth, preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, placenta implantation, placenta previa, placental accreta, cervical insufficiency, neonatal weight and placental pathology. Result:The risks of preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and preterm birth were significantly higher in the HRT-FET group than the fresh embryo transfer and NC-FET groups (13.42% vs 5.49% vs 5.91%, 21.7% vs 12.1% vs 11.0%, 10.5% vs 7.7% vs 7.6%, p < 0.05). Birth weight was lower in the fresh embryo transfer group than the NC-FET and HRT-FET groups (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of placental structural abnormalities and pathological characteristics among the groups. Conclusion: HRT-FET cycles were associated with increased maternal and foetal complications compared to fresh embryo transfer and NC-HRT cycles. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of placental structural abnormalities or pathological changes among the transfer methods. Keywords: Fresh embryo transfer; Frozen-thawed embryo transfer; Endometrial preparation protocol; Clinical outcome; Placenta Tweetable abstract: Different Embryo Transfer techniques influence the clinical outcomes but not placental pathology .

Objective: We aimed to assess the association between intrapartum neuraxial labour analgesia (NLA) and shock index values during the peripartum period. Design: A multicentre prospective cohort study. Setting: Two reference centres in Colombia. Population: Obstetric patients in labour with term gestations were divided according to whether they underwent NLA between 2017 and July 2018. Methods: We collected maternal blood pressure and heart rate within the first and second stages of labour and every 30 minutes up to two hours postpartum. We assessed the association between intrapartum NLA and shock index values in a multivariable longitudinal mixed-effect model, adjusting for covariates. Main outcome measures: Shock index changes over time during labour and postpartum periods. Results: We included 522 patients, 228 (43.7%) with NLA and 294 (56.3%) without NLA. Except in the first stage of labour [0.68 (IQR, 0.63-0.74) vs 0.73 (IQR, 0.64-0.82); p=0.07], the shock index values were significantly higher in patients with NLA during the second stage of labour and postpartum (all p values <0.001). In the longitudinal mixed-effect model analysis, shock index values were higher in the NLA group. After adjusting the multilevel model by age, nulliparity, and cervical dilation, the mean shock index without NLA across the measurements was 0.69, while in NLA was 0.76 (mean difference of 0.067). Conclusions: In patients receiving NLA, the shock index values during labour differ from those during the postpartum period. Thus, under these conditions, the shock index should be interpreted differently. Keywords: Shock Index; Neuraxial Labour Analgesia; Postpartum Haemorrhage.

The motion of targets is well known to result in their defocussing and displacement in SAR imagery, but detection of motion and re-focussing of targets under generic conditions remains of ongoing interest. One class of methods involves forming images of sub-apertures in which motion defocussing will be reduced. In this paper, we use dynamic tomographic image formation methods utilising an optical flow constraint to form a video of SAR sub-aperture images. These retain fine resolution of the full aperture, focussing along-track motion.

Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (HV-LPD) is a rare cutaneous form of Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) that presents with vesicular lesions induced by sun-exposure. We describe a patient with CAEBV and HV-LPD whose course following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was complicated by fatal ruptured cerebral artery aneurysm.

COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic disease that caused respiratory symptoms and severe complications. The mRNA vaccine were developed to prevent COVID-19 disease. Here we reported a case of a subepidermal blistering eruption as a cutaneous reaction after mRNA boosted vaccination in a post-covid patient.

Anthropogenic impact and loss of genetic diversity threaten more than 50% of raptors. These threats are particularly pronounced for island- endemic species, which occupy small areas, making them more vulnerable to rapid environmental changes. The Reunion harrier (Circus maillardi) is a typical example of the challenges encountered by island- endemic species. In this study, we characterize genetic variation at near-neutral and coding loci to test the historical impact of human activity on harrier populations, and evaluate their (mal)adaptive potential. We observed low but significant genetic differentiation between populations on the West and North-East sides of the island, echoing observations in other endemic species. Inbreeding was significant, with a substantial fraction of samples being first or second-degree relatives. Historical effective population sizes have declined from ~3000 to 300 individuals in the past 1000 years, with a more recent drop ~100 years ago consistent with human activity. Based on our simulations and comparisons with a close relative (Circus melanoleucos), this demographic history may have allowed purging of the most deleterious variants, but is unlikely to have allowed the purging of mildly deleterious variants. Our study provides an example of the massive impact that human activity may have on the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of island populations, and calls for urgent action to closely monitor the reproductive success of such endemic populations, in association with genetic studies.

Immobilization of D-amino acid dehydrogenase (DAADH) by the assembly of peptide linker was studied for biosynthesis of D-phenylalanine which is an unnatural amino acid. Hybrid material of ZIF-8 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were applied for the immobilization of DAADH from Ureibacillus thermosphaericus. Activity of DAADH/ZIF-8/RGO was enhanced by 1.65 folds than free enzyme. DAADH/ZIF-8/RGO remained 53.4% of its initial activity at 50 °C for 10 h. At the same time the free enzyme was inactivated. The result indicated that the immobilization greatly improved the thermostability of DAADH and the stability in hyperalkaline solution. Kinetic parameters indicated that DAADH/ZIF-8/RGO had greater affinity of phenylpyruvate as Vm /Km of DAADH/ZIF-8/RGO was 1.27-fold than free enzyme. After seven recycles, the activity of DAADH/ZIF-8/RGO remained 64.3%. Furthermore, one step separation and immobilization by ZIF-8/RGO/Ni-DAADH had 1.5-fold activity enhancement. Combination of peptide linker and MOF immobilization, thermostability of the dehydrogenase was significantly improved.

We can describe the norm for an operator given as $T:X\rightarrow Y$ as follows: It is the most appropriate value of $U$ that satisfies the following inequality $$\Vert Tx\Vert_{Y}\leq U\Vert x\Vert_{X}$$ and also for the lower bound of $T$ we can say that the value of $L$ agrees with the following inequality $$\Vert Tx\Vert_{Y}\geq L\Vert x\Vert_{X},$$ where $\Vert .\Vert_{X}$ and $\Vert .\Vert_{Y}$ stand for the norms corresponding to the spaces $X$ and $Y$. The main feature of this article is that it converts the norms and lower bounds of those matrix operators used as weighted sequence space $\ell_p(w)$ into a new space. This new sequence space is the generalized weighted sequence space. For this purpose, the double sequential band matrix $\tilde{B}(\tilde{r},\tilde{s})$ and also the space consisting of those sequences whose $\tilde{B}(\tilde{r},\tilde{s})$ transforms lie inside $\ell_p(\tilde{w})$, where $\tilde{r}=(r_{n})$, $\tilde{s}=(s_{n})$ are convergent sequences of positive real numbers. When comparing with the corresponding results in the literature, it can be seen that the results of the present study are more general and comprehensive.

In recent decades, renewable energy has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional energy sources for long-term, uninterrupted power supply. Engineers face numerous challenges when replacing renewable energy with con ventional energy because the characteristics of solar and wind generation rapidly fluctuates with environmental conditions, resulting in large synchronizing imbal ances between different units with system delays or communication delays in large electrical grids. They want to leverage computation delay margin to build a control mechanism that can handle a wide range of time delays (MADB). The authors of this article concentrate on the effects of the fractional integral order (FOI) on the stable parameter space for the regulation of a hybrid renewable energy based dis tributed system (DGS) in three-area AGC configuration. By altering the fractional order range, the delay margin () can be expanded, which can help to expand the stability region of a time delayed system. The stable parameter spaces of the con troller are computed stability boundary based on the fractional integral order and time delay ( ) values, and the present authors have developed asymptotic bode plot of time delayed Fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and computing delay margin () using gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) for this purpose. Honey badger algorithm (HBA) has been devised for fine-tuning the above-mentioned controller parameters. The controller’s resilience is confirmed in the presence of random load perturbations, nonlinearities, and parameter fluctuation.

In this paper, we consider a coupled system of two biharmonic equations with damping and source terms of variable-exponents nonlinearities, supplemented with initial and mixed boundary conditions. We establish an existence and uniqueness result of a weak solution, under suitable assumptions on the variable exponents. Then, we show that solutions with negative-initial energy blow up in finite time. To illustrate our theoritical findings, we present two numerical examples.

Chemical reactions are often carried out under mixing, especially at an industrial scale. Mixing aims to homogenize the concentrations and temperatures of reactants over a whole reactor, and therefore often requires a 3D flow and sometimes a 2D flow. This mixing-driven-chemistry ignores or does not have to consider the effects of flow/mixing on reaction kinetics and/or selectivity because flow/mixing is likely not strong enough to significantly drive molecules from their equilibrium conformations to non-equilibrium ones. This article proposes flow-driven-chemistry which aims at manipulating the dynamics and structural order of molecules (conformation, alignment, diffusion and collision) through a strong 1D flow in order to tune the reaction kinetics and/selectivity. It describes the scientific and technical bases of flow-driven chemistry as well as its scientific and technical challenges. It provides the state of the art of the understanding related to flow-driven chemistry and perspectives for future developments.

The extraction of butter from cocoa seeds involves various processing steps that weak the lipid-storing cell walls of cocoa cotyledons. Roasting is particularly critical, making cocoa nibs porous and brittle. In this study, the degree of disruption of the microstructure of cocoa nibs, and the quality and aroma profile of cocoa butter, were evaluated using two roasting techniques, forced convective oven, and fluidized bed. Fluidized bed roasting, recognized for its energy efficiency and low-footprint synthesis, was more than 10 times faster than oven roasting. This technique allowed a fast release of steam when parenchyma cell walls were still in a glassy state, while oven roasting caused gradual physical modification allowing the cell wall to become more elastic. Consequently, when using fluidizing bed technique, small pores of unroasted cocoa nibs swelled and coalesced to produce more large-sized ones. 3-D microscopic image analysis showed a total porosity in unroasted cocoa beans of 8.5 ± 2.0% (v/v): this value doubled upon oven roasting and triplicated upon fluidized bed roasting. The higher porosity in fast-roasted nibs was reflected in the lowest densities and highest cocoa butter yield. Cocoa butter obtained from fluidized-bed roasted cocoa showed a higher presence of pyrazines and 3-methylbutanal, and a lower concentration of hydroperoxides, thus enhancing the chocolate flavor and quality. In this paper, we showed that pore-structure of cocoa nibs is a key quality descriptor of roasting processing, and we concluded by energetic and quality considerations that fluidized bed roasting of cocoa nibs should be preferred over conventional roasting.

Thin plate system based on acoustic vibration plays an important role in micro nano manipulation and exploration of nonlinear science. In this paper, starting from the actual thin plate system driven by acoustic wave signals, combining the mechanical analysis of thin plate micro element and the approximation approach Bubnov-Galerkin integral method, the governing equation of a forced vibration square thin plate is derived. Of note, the reaction force of the thin plate vibration system is defined as f=αΙwΙ resembling the Hooke’s law. And then by solving amplitude frequency response function of the thin plate oscillator using the harmonic balance method, the amplitude-frequency curves under the action of distinct parameters are analyzed with two different vibration modes through numerical simulation. Further, the conservative chaotic motions in the thin plate oscillator is demonstrated by the theory and numerical method. Drawing the dynamics maps indicating the system states reveals the evolution laws of the system. Through expounding the effect of force fields and system energy, the underlying mechanism of chaos is interpreted. Additionally, the phenomenon of chaos occurred in the oscillator is controlled by the method of velocity and displacement states feedback, which is meaningful for the engineering application.

The nonlocal boundary value problem with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions is studied in this paper. Firstly, we give the asymptotic expressions of the general solution for the equation corresponding to the initial conditions with eigenparameters, then we prove the multiplicity of eigenvalues some properties of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Finally, the asymptotic formulas of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained under certain mild conditions. Our method is to incorporate the perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis in the framework of classical Sturm-Liouville problems, which provides a new sight for the investigating of the Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenparameter in boundary conditions.