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On the spatially inhomogeneous particle coagulation-condensation model with singulari...
Debdulal Ghosh
Jayanta Paul

Debdulal Ghosh

and 2 more

July 25, 2021
The spatially inhomogeneous coagulation-condensation process is an interesting topic of study as the phenomenon’s mathematical aspects mostly undiscovered and has multitudinous empirical applications. In this present exposition, we exhibit the existence of a continuous solution for the corresponding model with the following \emph{singular} type coagulation kernel: \[K(x,y)~\le~\frac{\left( x + y\right)^\theta}{\left(xy\right)^\mu}, ~~\text{for} ~x, y \in (0,\infty), \text{where}~ \mu \in \left[0,\tfrac{1}{2}\right] \text{ and } ~\theta \in [0, 1].\] The above-mentioned form of the coagulation kernel includes several practical-oriented kernels. Finally, uniqueness of the solution is also investigated.
Detection and localization of atypical porcine pestivirus in the testicles of natural...
Lilla Dénes
Inés Ruedas-Torres

Lilla Dénes

and 3 more

July 25, 2021
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Recently, APPV has been identified as the causative agent of congenital tremor (CT) type AII. The disease is a neurological disorder that affects newborn piglets and is characterized by mostly generalized trembling of the animals and often splay legs. CT is well known worldwide, and the virus seems to be highly prevalent in major swine producing areas. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the infection, the transmission and spread of the virus between herds. Here, we show the high prevalence of APPV in processing fluid samples collected from Hungarian pig herds which led us to investigate the cellular targets of the virus in the testicles of newborn piglets affected by CT. By the development of an RNA in situ hybridization assay and the use of immunohistochemistry on consecutive slides, we identified the target cells of APPV in the testicle: interstitial Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells and endothelial cells of medium-sized arteries. Previous studies have shown that APPV can be found in the semen of sexually mature boars suggesting the role of infected boars and their semen in the transmission of the virus similar to many other members of the Flaviviridae family. As in our case, the virus has not been identified in cells beyond the blood-testis barrier, further studies on infected adult boars’ testicles are needed to analyze the possible changes in the cell tropism that enable the virus to be excreted by the semen.
Multiple sclerosis flare secondary to COVID-19 vaccine, a case report
ahmad matarneh
Alia Al Battah

ahmad matarneh

and 3 more

July 25, 2021
We report a 60-year-old lady known to have a stable MS disease. Who presented with right-hand weakness on the same day of COVID 19 vaccine administration. MRI showed a relapse, and she was treated with steroids with improvement in her symptoms. neurological side effects can occur following COVID 19 vaccines
A review on effect of portal hypertension on hepatic failure and its epidemiology
Dr. Noor ul Ain

Dr. Noor ul Ain

and 2 more

July 26, 2021
Liver disorders and failure of liver is the major concern of health care providers and a point of debate since last decade. Both acute and chronic liver failure leads to death and there are a number of factors that cause liver failure portal vein hypertension is a one of the most common cause of liver failure. Portal vein is the major vessel supplying blood to the liver and it has blood pressure of approximately is 5 to 10 mmHg. And an increase in pressure causes rupturing of the parenchyma of liver which further leads to damage hepatocytes and cause their death which is the major reason behind liver failure. Diagnosis is done by various invasive or non-invasive techniques and as that to check the level and the disease stage. Few treatment options are present either to remove the damaged part or to transplant liver with the donor or cloned liver. Introduction:
: Bilateral complex lactating adenosis: clinical presentation and management in Sudan
Hatoun Dafaalla
Hussam Khougali

Hatoun Dafaalla

and 2 more

July 24, 2021
lactating adenosis are benign breasts neoplasm usually seen during pregnancy and lactation. We present a rare case of bilateral complex benign lactating adenosis in 19 year old female patient presented with lactating adenosis mimic cancer growth after giving birth. Histopathology confirm diagnosis and Simple mastectomy was the treatment of choice.
Carotid access for percutaneous coronary intervention
Matthias De Boulle
Erik Debing

Matthias De Boulle

and 3 more

July 24, 2021
Vascular access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is usually obtained through the radial or femoral, and to lesser extent the brachial or ulnar artery. We describe the transcarotid approach for PCI in a patient with severe peripheral artery disease. No adverse neurological or cardiac events were observed.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): A Case Report
Chen Yongliang
Zhu Yunlong

Chen Yongliang

and 3 more

July 24, 2021
We report a case of a BMD complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A 42-year-old male, his body posture and gait change began at the age of 23 years old. The patient experienced repeated shortness of breath when he was 39 years old due to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Covid-19: acquired acute porphyria?
Lianne Abrahams

Lianne Abrahams

July 26, 2021
Pandemic Covid-19 pneumonia, of SARS-CoV-2 aetiology, is of global importance to health systems, national economies, and individual civil liberties. Multiple therapeutic and prophylactic agents are currently undergoing clinical trial and, while progress towards a curative agent is promising, the principal limiting factor in public health emergency is time. A pre-existing licensed therapeutic would offer reprieve to international citizens currently enduring the adverse consequences of lockdown policies. The current review advances the author's original hypothesis and advocates direct testing of the hypothesis by urinalysis of light-protected samples from critical Covid-19 patients to check for elevated aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen.
Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination
pardis soltanpoor
Ghazal Norouzi

pardis soltanpoor

and 1 more

July 24, 2021
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease of post-viral origin; linked with many viruses such as SARS-COVID-2. The objective of this work is to report a case of SAT associated with COVID-19 vaccination, in a healthy patient with no history of previous COVID-19 or upper respiratory tract infection.
Approaches in the Photosynthetic Production of Sustainable Fuels by Cyanobacteria usi...
Indrajeet .
Akhil Rautela

Indrajeet .

and 2 more

July 24, 2021
Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms having a simple genetic composition are the prospective photoautotrophic cell factories for the production of a wide range of biofuel molecules. Simple genetic composition of cyanobacteria allows effortless genetic manipulation which leads to increased research endeavour from the synthetic biology approach. An improved development of synthetic biology tools, genetic modification methods and advancement in transformation techniques to construct a strain which can contain multiple target genes in single operon will vastly expand the functions that can be used for engineering photosynthetic cyanobacteria for the generation of biofuels. In this review, recent advancements and approaches in synthetic biology tools and biofuel production by metabolically engineered cyanobacteria have been discussed. Various fuel molecules like isoprene, limonene, α-farnesene, squalene, alkanes, butanol and fatty acids which can be a substitute of petroleum and fossil fuels in future have been elaborated.
Watershed-Scale Stream Restoration Experimental Design: Rigorous Tools to Obtain Defi...
Mark Rogers
john.selker

Mark Rogers

and 3 more

July 26, 2021
Despite significant investments in watershed-scale restoration projects, evaluation and documentation of their impacts is often limited by inadequate experimental design. This project aimed to strengthen study designs by quantifying and elucidating sources of error in paired-watershed experiments and evaluating the statistical tools that detect and quantify population-level changes from watershed-scale restoration. Meta-analysis of 32 BACI experiments revealed that synchrony between paired-populations was both weak ( ρ ̵̅ = 0.18) and unrelated to the primary experimental error (r = 0.01), the degree to which paired-populations vary independently in time ( independent variance). Instead, it was found that the sum of the paired-population temporal variances ( total variance), accounted for 91% of the variability that controls statistical power. These findings demonstrate that 1) synchrony in paired-populations does not influence the primary error in BACI field experiments and 2) the magnitude of temporal fluctuations is primarily responsible for this error. The second study component, hypothetical BACI simulations, mathematically relates spatial, temporal and sampling errors to the independent variance and power. Design guidance based on these findings are provided to ensure that future restoration experiments have maximum probability of detecting a present restoration impact. We recommend planners quantify error sources directly from pilot studies and apply the tools provided by this research to estimate statistical power in their monitoring designs. Lastly, we propose a paired-reach design which provides a powerful platform to conduct replicated local-scale restoration experiments, which can build understanding of restoration-ecological mechanisms.
Analysis of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 in conva...
Edgar  Melgoza-González
Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo

Edgar Melgoza-González

and 14 more

July 24, 2021
The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Currently, this virus has spread around the world, and new variants have emerged. This new pandemic virus provoked the rapid development of diagnostic tools, therapies and vaccines to control this new disease called COVID-19. Antibody detection by ELISA has been broadly used to recognize the number of persons infected with this virus or to evaluate the response of vaccinated individuals. As the pandemic spread, new questions arose, such as the prevalence of antibodies after natural infection and the response induced by the different vaccines. In Mexico, as in other countries, mRNA and viral-vectored vaccines have been widely used among the population. In this work, we developed an indirect ELISA test to evaluate S1 antibodies in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. By using this test, we showed that IgG antibodies against the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were detected up to 42 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, in contrast to IgA and IgM, which decreased 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The evaluation of the antibody response in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines showed no differences two weeks after vaccination. However, after completing the two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech and the one dose of CanSinoBio, a significantly higher response of IgG antibodies was observed in persons vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech than in those vaccinated with CanSinoBio. In conclusion, these results confirm that after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, it is possible to detect antibodies for up to ten months. Additionally, our results showed that one dose of the CanSinoBio vaccine induces a lower response of IgG antibodies than that induced by the complete scheme of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
The Recovery of an intravesical BCG-induced arthritis after RITUXIMAB treatment
Nejla El amri
Héla Zeglaoui

Nejla El amri

and 6 more

July 24, 2021
BCG intra-vesical instillation is the standard of care for superficial bladder cancer at high risk of relapse and progression. Yet, this treatment can cause dysimmune complications. Osteoarticular manifestations related to BCG therapy are rare and frequently mild. We report a rare case of a severe form successfully treated with Rituximab.
The Project Appropriate Birth: significance of the Robson classification in confronti...
Nikolaos Vrachnis

Nikolaos Vrachnis

July 24, 2021
Mini commentary on BJOG-21-0235.R1The Project Appropriate Birth: significance of the Robson classification in confronting the caesarean section
Radiological diagnosis of phimosis in a dog and cat.
Ainsley Sutton
Robert Turner

Ainsley Sutton

and 2 more

July 24, 2021
Phimosis in juvenile cats and dogs has been infrequently reported in veterinary literature. A novel contrast radiographic technique of the preputial cavity, termed a preputiogram, can be utilized in the diagnosis and surgical planning of correction of phimosis in dogs and cats.
Deep brain stimulation of Anteromedial Globus Pallidus internus improved OCD rather t...
Zahra Aminzade
Sepand Tehrani Fateh

Zahra Aminzade

and 4 more

July 24, 2021
After performing DBS surgery on a patient with Tourette syndrome, significant improvement was observed in OCD, but the tic remained unchanged, which contradicts previous studies. Herein we discuss that fluctuations in the therapeutic outcomes may be due to differences in physiological conditions tic- or OCD-specified pathways.
Microstructurally small fatigue crack initiation behavior of fine and coarse grain si...
Hide-aki Nishikawa
Yoshiyuki Furuya

Hide-aki Nishikawa

and 3 more

July 24, 2021
Successive observation of fatigue crack initiation process was conducted on six types of thermally simulated HAZ microstructures to clarify the physical significance of fatigue life difference between coarse grain (CG) and fine grain (FG) heat-affected zone (HAZ) microstructures. The results showed the fatigue life-decreasing mechanism in the CGHAZ to be successfully explained by acceleration of the shear mode fatigue crack growth rate provided the crack is smaller than the prior austenite grain size, based on the following experimental results. In other words, the fatigue cracks initiated along the shear stress plane. In addition, the prior austenite grain size of crack initiation life with the FG and CGHAZ were comparable, since the shear mode fatigue crack growth rate of the CGHAZ was faster than that of the FGHAZ. As a result, the remaining fatigue life after the grain size crack initiation of the CGHAZ become shorter than that of the FGHAZ as a function of grain size difference.
CONVOLUTION EQUATIONS ON THE ABELIAN GROUP $\cA(-1,1)$
Roland Duduchava

Roland Duduchava

July 23, 2021
The interval $j=[-1,1]$ turns into an Abelian group $\cA(\cJ)$ under the group operation $x+_\cJ y:=(x+y)(1+xy)^{-1},\qquad x,y\in\cJ$. This enables definition of the invariant measure $d_\cJ x=(1-x^2)^{-1}dx$ and the Fourier transform $\cF_\cJ$ on the interval $\cJ$ and, as a consequence, we can consider Fourier convolution operators $W^0_{\cJ,\cA}:=\cF_\cJ^{-1}\cA\cF_\cJ$ on $\cJ$. This class of convolutions includes celebrated Prandtl, Tricomi and Lavrentjev-Bitsadze equations and, also, differential equations of arbitrary order with the natural weighted derivative $\fD_\cJ u(x)=-(1-x^2)u’(x)$, $t\in\cJ$. Equations are solved in the scale of Bessel potential $\bH^s_p(\cJ,d_\cJ x)$, $1\leqslant p\leqslant\infty$, and H\”older-Zygmound $\bZ^\nu(\cJ,(1-x^2)^\mu)$, $0<\mu,\nu<\infty$ spaces, adapted to the group $\cA(\cJ)$. Boundedness of convolution operators (the problem of multipliers) is discussed. The symbol $\cA(\xi)$, $\xi\in\bR$, of a convolution equation $W^0_{\cJ,\cA}u=f$ defines solvability: the equation is uniquely solvable if and only if the symbol $\cA$ is elliptic. The solution is written explicitely with the help of the inverse symbol. We touch shortly the multidimensional analogue-the Abelian group $\cA(\cJ^n)$.
Some applications of the Hermit-Hadamard inequality for log-convex functions in quant...
Fatemeh Hassanzad
Hossien Mehri-Dehnavi

Fatemeh Hassanzad

and 2 more

July 23, 2021
One of the beautiful and very simple inequalities for a convex function is the Hermit-Hadamard inequality [S. Mehmood, et. al. Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 44 (2021) 3746], [S. Dragomir, et. al., Math. Methods Appl. Sci., in press]. The concept of log-convexity is a stronger property of convexity. Recently, the refined Hermit-Hadamard’s inequalities for log-convex functions were introduced by researchers [C. P. Niculescu, Nonlinear Anal. Theor., 75 (2012) 662]. In this paper, by the Hermit-Hadamard inequality, we introduce two parametric Tsallis quantum relative entropy, two parametric Tsallis-Lin quantum relative entropy and two parametric quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence in quantum information theory. Then some properties of quantum Tsallis-Jensen-Shannon divergence for two density matrices are investigated by this inequality. \newline \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{ Hermit-Hadamard’s inequality; log-convexity; Density matrices; Quantum relative entropy; Tsallis quantum relative entropy; quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence divergence.
Robust and Repeatable Biofabrication of Bacteria-Mediated  Drug Delivery Systems: Eff...
Ying Zhan

Ying Zhan

and 4 more

October 25, 2021
Bacteria-mediated drug delivery systems comprising nanotherapeutics conjugated onto bacteria synergistically augment the efficacy of both therapeutic modalities in cancer therapy. Nanocarriers preserve therapeutics' bioavailability and reduce systemic toxicity, while bacteria selectively colonize the cancerous tissue, impart intrinsic and immune-mediated antitumor effects, and propel nanotherapeutics interstitially. The optimal bacteria-nanoparticle (NP) conjugates would carry the maximal NP load with minimal motility speed hindrance for effective interstitial distribution. Furthermore, a well-defined and repeatable NP attachment density distribution is crucial to determining these biohybrid systems' efficacious dosage and robust performance. Herein, we utilized our Nanoscale Bacteria-Enabled Autonomous Delivery System (NanoBEADS) platform to investigate the effects of assembly process parameters of mixing method, volume, and duration on NP attachment density and repeatability. We also evaluated the effect of linkage chemistry and NP size on NP attachment density, viability, growth rate, and motility of NanoBEADS. We show that the linkage chemistry impacts NP attachment density while the self-assembly process parameters affect the repeatability and, to a lesser extent, attachment density. Lastly, the attachment density affects NanoBEADS' growth rate and motility in an NP size-dependent manner. These findings will contribute to the development of scalable and repeatable bacteria-nanoparticle biohybrids for applications in drug delivery and beyond. Corresponding author(s) Email:  behkam@vt.edu  
Massive Seebeck Coefficient of Si/SiO2 Substrate-Supported Graphene Thin Film
Himal Wijekoon

Himal Wijekoon

and 3 more

July 26, 2021
Graphene has been used in applications in many fields due to its outstanding electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, since its discovery in 2004. However, having a higher thermal conductivity and lacking of band gap makes graphene unsuitable to use in thermoelectric generators. Several research works have been conducted to reduce the thermal conductivity and introduce a band gap to graphene. However, despite having few theoretically developed studies, experimental work on the thermoelectric properties of graphene are scarce. We deposited few graphene layers on a Si/SiO2 substrate using an ultra-high vacuum thermal evaporator which is a novel and unreported technique to synthesis graphene thin film. Thermally reduced graphene oxide synthesized using a modified Hummers method was used as the source material for thermal evaporation. The formation of the thin film was studied by X-ray diffraction and UV-Visible spectrometry. The measured Seebeck coefficient of the thin film attained a maximum value of 35.04 mV K-1 at room temperature. This is one of the largest Seebeck coefficients reported ever.
Effect of Routine Thromboprophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Hospitalize...
Tolga Demir
Macit Bitargil

Tolga Demir

and 22 more

October 18, 2021
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy presented with venous thromboembolism and arterial thromboses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of routine thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on clinical outcomes including mortality and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: All confirmed patients with COVID-19 hospitalized to COVID-19 dedicated wards, from March 15 to May 15, 2020, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Two groups of patients were established, according to the non-routine and routine application of LMWH with therapeutic, weight-based, anticoagulation dosing. Clinical, laboratory and treatment data were collected, analyzed and compared between the two groups. A logistic regression model was developed to assess the factors related to in-hospital adverse outcomes. Results: A total of 1511 patients (797 men, median age 59.0 years) were retrospectively analyzed (Group non-routine LMWH (n=828); group routine LMWH (n=683)). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed routine use of LMWH, favipiravir administration, extreme values of WBC count, NLR, and troponin I as factors independently associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; p<0.001 for routine use of LMWH). Conclusion: Routine thromboprophylaxis with LMWH reduced mortality and ICU admission in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection.
NLRP3 activation contributes to Endothelin-1-induced erectile dysfunction
Rafael Fais
Rafael Menezes da Costa

Rafael Fais

and 7 more

July 23, 2021
Background and Purpose: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) play an essential role in erectile dysfunction. ET-1 and NLRP3 activate inflammatory processes by increasing calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we hypothesized that endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) stimulation, through increased calcium and ROS formation, leads to NLRP3 activation. Experimental approach: Intracavernosal pressure (ICP/MAP) was measured in C57BL/6 (WT) mice. Functional and immunoblotting assays were performed in corpora cavernosa (CC) strips from WT, NLRP3-/- and caspase-/- mice after ET-1 (100 nM) stimulation in the presence of vehicle, MCC950, tiron, BAPTA AM, BQ123, or BQ788. Key Results: ET-1 gradually reduced the ICP/MAP in WT mice, and MCC950 administration prevented the effect of ET-1. ET-1 decreased CC relaxation to ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and increased caspase-1 protein expression, effects reversed by the ETA receptor antagonist BQ123. The ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 also reversed the effect of ET-1 on ACh and SNP relaxation. Additionally, tiron, BAPTA AM, and NLRP3 genetic deletion prevented the ET-1-induced loss of ACh and SNP relaxation. Moreover, BQ123 diminished CC caspase-1 expression, while BQ788 increased caspase-1 and IL-1β levels in a concentration-dependent manner (100 nM to 10 µM). Furthermore, tiron and BAPTA AM prevented ET-1-induced increase in caspase-1. In addition, BAPTA AM blocked ET-1-induced ROS generation. Conclusion and Implications: NLRP3 activation contributes to acute ET-1-induced erectile dysfunction by mechanisms that depend on ETA- and ETB-induced Ca2+ influx and ROS generation.
DOES THE USE OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AFFECT THE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COVID-19?
Kubilay İşsever
Ahmed Cihad  Genç

Kubilay İşsever

and 5 more

July 23, 2021
Objective: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that is increasingly used in the daily practice of intensive care units (ICUs) with its sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, and immunoprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether Dexmedetomidine improves the outcomes in patients treated in ICU. Design: A retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Intensive care units (ICU) of Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey, from October 2020 to February 2021 Methodology: The medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. We included 134 patients in the study, in 45 of whom the treatment regimen included dexmedetomidine and 89 of whom were not treated with dexmedetomidine. Patients treated with DEX were defined as the “patient group”, whereas patients not treated with DEX were defined as “control group” and the parameters were compared between these groups. Obtained data were analyzed in the biostatistical program. Results: The median age of all patients was 64 and 62.7% of them were male. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of median ages (p>0.05). The patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), congestive heart failure (CHF), and undergoing insulin treatment were significantly less treated with DEX (p=0.04, p=0.03, and p=0.016 respectively) whereas intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was found to be more frequently applied to the patient group (p=0.043). The median duration between ICU admission and the time of intubation was 4 days for the control group whereas it was 1 day for the patient group and the difference was strongly significant (p=0.000, p<0.001). The other analyses concerning lab parameters, mortality rates, intubation rates and durations, applied treatments, and comorbidities revealed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that DEX therapy can help us to gain time before intubation however can not reduce mortality rates in severe COVID-19.
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