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\begin{document}

\title{Premature infants with brain injuries early in life have lower dopamine
levels as adults.}



\author[1]{Digests Admin}%
\affil[1]{Digests}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 30, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This is a Digest of~\emph{The effect of perinatal brain injury on
dopaminergic function and hippocampal volume in adult
life~\cite{Froudist_Walsh_2017}}.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


Thirteen million infants are born too early every year. Improved care
allows many to survive, but these ``preterm infants'' still face an
increased risk of death and many other complications. Infants born very
early, before 32 weeks, are at risk of brain injury because the brain is
normally still developing in the later stages of pregnancy. They also
have an increased risk of developing mental health problems later in
life.

\par\null

Early-life brain injuries in rats cause changes in the production of a
chemical called dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical messenger in the brain
that reinforces rewarding behaviour. People with schizophrenia and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have abnormal levels of
dopamine. Changes in brain dopamine levels may explain why early-life
brain injury is linked to later mental illness. But first scientists
must study whether similar changes occur in humans with an early-life
brain injury.

\par\null

Now, Froudist-Walsh et al. use brain imaging to show that people born
very early who suffered a brain injury have lower dopamine levels than
other adults. Imaging techniques were used to scan the brains of 13
adults who were born before 32 weeks and who had a brain injury around
birth, 13 adults born before 32 weeks without a brain injury, and 13
adults born at ``full term'' (around 39 to 40 weeks). Individuals with
low dopamine levels reported difficulty concentrating and a lack of
motivation and enjoyment in their lives. Both can be warning signs of
mental health problems.

\par\null

People born prematurely without a brain injury had normal dopamine
levels and did not report such symptoms. More studies may help
scientists understand how early brain injuries may cause brain chemical
differences later in life, and how these brain changes affect
individual's mental health. They may also help scientists develop
treatments to prevent or treat mental illness in people who experienced
a brain injury after a very early birth.

\par\null

\emph{This digest was originally published at eLife~}\cite{1}
\emph{and is reproduced under a CC BY 4.0 license.}

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