Biased ligand / signaling |
Any ligand e.g., a candidate drug or tool
compound. The reference ligand could be arbitrary, but often has a
particular relevance as tool or clinical agent and is therefore selected
to benchmark other, tested ligands. |
Simultaneous comparison across
pathways and ligands where the reference ligand can be any ligand of
choice. |
A biased ligand for which the reference ligand was not
selected based on specific signaling pathway qualities has bias only
relative to the reference ligand, which in itself can have any
bias. |
Pathway-biased ligand / signaling
|
Pathway-balanced ligand
(defined in section Pathway-biased ligands/signaling)
|
Signaling preferentially via one pathway, as the reference ligand
approximates a pathway-balanced signal.
|
A pathway-balanced/unbiased ligand can be physiology-biased, although it
is by definition unbiased in the pathway definition. A balanced ligand
in one system may not be ‘balanced’ in another (applies to all types of
ligand bias).
|
Physiology-biased ligand / signaling
|
Principal endogenous agonist
(defined in section Physiology-biased ligands/signaling)
|
Signaling differs from the natural/canonical, as the reference ligand
represents the endogenous response (of the given receptor and
system).
|
An endogenous agonist can be pathway-biased, although it is by
definition unbiased in the physiological definition.
|