Serum biochemical parameters and histopathological tests
The results of the serum biochemical parameters test are shown in Fig. 3. All the measured serum biochemical parameters related to liver toxicity were in the normal range for all groups. No significant abnormalities were observed in the kidney toxicity biomarkers CRE and BUN either. BUN was significantly reduced only in the PP242-treated group compared to the NC group, but all were in the normal range. Alterations in cholesterol levels were observed, where LDL levels were reduced and HDL levels were increased after three weeks of PP242 treatment.
Histological examination of the liver showed no abnormal findings in all subjects tested in the NC, XC and PP242-treated groups (Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Fig. 1). In the histologic examination of the kidneys, no abnormal lesions were observed in any group except for cortical renal tubule hypertrophy that was observed in one-fifth of the PP242-treated group (Supplementary Table 1). However, it was thought that there was no kidney toxicity since the degree of hypertrophy was very minimal and the serum biochemical parameters for kidney function were normal (Supplementary Fig. 1).
Taken together, no unusual toxicological changes were observed in the liver or kidney when PP242 was administered according to the given experimental design.