References:
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atrioventricular septal defect: basic morphology and preoperative risk
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echocardiography improves the understanding of left atrioventricular
valve morphology and function in atrioventricular septal defects
undergoing patch augmentation J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;129:746-53
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Figure 1: (Panel A): 2D TOE (RV inflow-outflow view) shows marked RVOT
hypertrophy. (Panel B, C): 2D TOE and TTE (Four chamber views) shows a
large ostium primum ASD. (Panel D): Zoomed mode of the AV valve from the
ventricular perspective confirms the presence of a common AV annulus
with five leaflets (superior and inferior bridging leaflets, left mural
leaflet and anteroseptal and posterior leaflets). (Panel E, F): Zoomed
mode of the IAS from both left and right atrial perspectives shows an
oval-shaped ostium primum ASD.
Video 1: 3D TOE, Zoomed mood of the common AV valve from ventricular
perspective
Video 2: 3D TOE (Full volume, 4 beat acquisition) shows multiple
fenestrated inlet VSDs and marked RVOT hypertrophy.