Conclusion
HFpEF is a complex clinical entity mediated by multiple clinical factors leading to various structural alterations. Risk factor exposure leads to an evolution of abnormal myocardial mechanics in each cardiac chamber. Initially, many deformation parameters only deteriorate during exercise. Although common mechanical changes are often present, significant heterogeneity in structure and function may exist. In addition to multiple imaging biomarkers, heterogeneity of clinical features and associated medical conditions compound this syndromes complexity. Current methods resort to an oversimplified approach for assessment and risk stratification. With the evolution of technology and computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) is opening new frontiers in cardiovascular imaging. This technology can be integrated with diastolic indices and speckle tracking echocardiography to offer innovative insights into HFpEF 52.