Characteristics Total(N=244)
Demographics (n = number of patients)
Age, year, mean ± SD 72.54±9.96
65–79 years, n (%) 204(83.61%)
≥80 years, n (%) 40(16.39%)
Female, n (%) 143(58.61%)
Number of medications taken, mean ± SD 8.76±4.35
Active chronic conditions,n(%)
Hypertension 171(70.08%)
Heart disease 138(56.56%)
Hyperlipidemia 73(29.92%)
Diabetes mellitus 70(28.69%)
Osteoporosis 42(17.21%)
Gout 36(14.75%)
Constipation 20(8.20%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 18(7.38%)
Gastric ulcer/gastritis 14(5.74%)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 12(4.92%)
Insomnia 10(4.10%)
Kidney disease 8(3.28%)
Others 33(13.52%)
Anatomical therapeutic chemical classification,n(%)
A: Alimentary tract and metabolism
A02 Drugs for acid related disorders 82
A06 Drugs for constipation 69
A10 Drugs used in diabetes 122
A11 Vitamins 24
B: Blood and blood-forming organs
B01 Anti-thrombotic agents 266
C: Cardiovascular system
C01 Cardiac therapy 102
C02 Antihypertensives 684
C03 Diuretics 45
C04 Peripheral vasodilators 52
C05 Vasoprotectives 33
C07 Beta blocking agents 207
C08 Calcium channel blockers 143
C09 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 245
C10 Lipid modifying agents 134
G: Genital urinary and sex hormones
G04 Urologicals 15
M: Musculoskeletal system 36
N: Nervous system
N05 Psycholeptics 45
(Anxiolytics, hypnotics, anti-psychotics i.e. neuroleptics)
N06 Antidepressants 12
No ATC code 32