Substrates
BMCC and PASC were prepared from Avicel powder (PH-105; FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, gift from Monsanto). To prepare BMCC, Avicel powder was suspended in deionized water with 0.04% sodium azide as described in Kruer-Zerhusen et al., (2017). PASC was prepared from Avicel powder as described in Zhang et al., (2006), and was stored in DI water with 0.04% sodium azide. α-chitin, β-chitin, xylan (birchwood), and xyloglucan (Sigma) were prepared as 2% solutions in 0.2 mM NaOAc buffer.