DISCUSSION
PPE recommended for droplet precautions include gloves, gown, surgical
mask and eye protection and or face shield, depending on the anticipated
exposure to patient secretions.
Face shield captures body fluid splatters, and alters the particle size
distribution and magnitude of inhaled aerosols.(5) It covers a larger
area than a face mask with visor or goggles, and limit splash and sprays
on to face, surgical masks and respirators, which may increase the risk
of self contamination during doffing.(5) Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) mandates that masks in combination with eye
protection devices such as glasses with solid side shields, goggles, or
chin length face shields when splashes, spray, splatter or droplets of
blood or other potentially infectious material may be generated, and
eye, nose or mouth contamination can be reasonably anticipated.(6)
There are several parts to it: Visor, frame, and suspension system.(1)
Shields are manufactured from polycarbonate, proprionate, acetate,
polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG).(7) It
can be disposable, reusable, and replaceable.(1) Acetate provides the
best clarity and is scratch resistant.(1) PETG is the most
economical.(7) Polycarbonate is most widely used as it offers better
optical quality that reduces eye strain associated with face shield
wear.(1) Proprionate also has the similar optical quality as
polycarbonate, and is the cheaper option.(1, 7) The shields can be
treated with coatings to impart anti-glare, anti-static, and
anti-fogging properties.(1) The length varies from mid-face to the neck,
and the width should reach at least to the point of the ear
(recommendation from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) to
reduce the likelihood a splash going around the edge to reach the eyes.
Crown and chin protection is recommended for improved infection control
purposes.(1) This will reduce the risk of possible ocular inoculation.
There is less retained dermal facial heat, less fogging compared to
goggles, can be worn concurrently with other eye PPE, less
claustrophobic and can be disinfected easily. It is inexpensive. However
some may not fit over certain respirators. Industrial face shields, in
the event of face shield shortages tend to be more expensive, heavier
and bulkier.