References
1. Mulliken JB, Glowacki J. Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations in
Infants and Children: A Classification Based on Endothelial
Characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1982;69(3):412-420.
doi:10.1097/00006534-198203000-00002
2. Anderson KR, Schoch JJ, Lohse CM, Hand JL, Davis DM, Tollefson MM.
Increasing Incidence of Infantile Hemangiomas over the Past 35-years:
Correlation with Decreasing Gestational Age at Birth and Birth Weight.J Am Acad Dermatol . 2016;74(1):120-126.
doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.024
3. Kilcline C, Frieden IJ. Infantile Hemangiomas: How Common Are They? A
Systematic Review of the Medical Literature. Pediatr Dermatol .
2008;25(2):168-173. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00626.x
4. Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, et al. Vascular Anomalies Classification:
Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular
Anomalies. Pediatrics . 2015;136(1):e203-e214.
doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3673
5. Tollefson MM, Frieden IJ. Early Growth of Infantile Hemangiomas: What
Parents’ Photographs Tell Us. Pediatrics . 2012;130(2):e314-e320.
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3683
6. Chang LC, Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, et al. Growth Characteristics of
Infantile Hemangiomas: Implications for Management. PEDIATRICS .
2008;122(2):360-367. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2767
7. Bauland CG, Lüning TH, Smit JM, Zeebregts CJ, Spauwen PHM. Untreated
Hemangiomas: Growth Pattern and Residual Lesions. Plast Reconstr
Surg . 2011;127(4):1643-1648. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318208d2ac
8. Léauté-Labrèze C, Harper JI, Hoeger PH. Infantile haemangioma.The Lancet . 2017;390(10089):85-94.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00645-0
9. Cheng CE, Friedlander SF. Infantile hemangiomas, complications and
treatments. Semin Cutan Med Surg . 2016;35(3):108-116.
doi:10.12788/j.sder.2016.050
10. Garzon MC, Epstein LG, Heyer GL, et al. PHACE Syndrome:
Consensus-Derived Diagnosis and Care Recommendations. J Pediatr .
2016;178:24-33.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.054
11. Rotter A, Samorano LP, Rivitti-Machado MC, Oliveira ZNP, Gontijo B.
PHACE syndrome: clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and
management. An Bras Dermatol . 2018;93(3):405-411.
doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187693
12. Iacobas I, Burrows PE, Frieden IJ, et al. LUMBAR: Association
between Cutaneous Infantile Hemangiomas of the Lower Body and Regional
Congenital Anomalies. J Pediatr . 2010;157(5):795-801.e7.
doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.05.027
13. Krowchuk DP, Frieden IJ, Mancini AJ, et al. Clinical Practice
Guideline for the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas.Pediatrics . 2019;143(1). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3475
14. Bennett ML, Fleischer AB, Chamlin SL, Frieden IJ. Oral
corticosteroid use is effective for cutaneous hemangiomas: an
evidence-based evaluation. Arch Dermatol . 2001;137(9):1208-1213.
doi:10.1001/archderm.137.9.1208
15. Janmohamed SR, Madern GC, de Laat PCJ, Oranje AP. Educational paper:
therapy of infantile haemangioma—history and current state (part II).Eur J Pediatr . 2015;174(2):259-266. doi:10.1007/s00431-014-2404-5
16. Léauté-Labrèze C, Dumas de la Roque E, Hubiche T, Boralevi F, Thambo
J-B, Taïeb A. Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N
Engl J Med . 2008;358(24):2649-2651. doi:10.1056/NEJMc0708819
17. Léauté‐Labrèze C, Roque ED de la, Nacka F, et al. Double-blind
randomized pilot trial evaluating the efficacy of oral propranolol on
infantile haemangiomas in infants < 4 months of age. Br
J Dermatol . 2013;169(1):181-183. doi:10.1111/bjd.12217
18. Léauté-Labrèze C, Hoeger P, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, et al. A
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Oral Propranolol in Infantile
Hemangioma. N Engl J Med . 2015;372(8):735-746.
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1404710
19. Bégaud B, Evreux JC, Jouglard J, Lagier G. [Imputation of the
unexpected or toxic effects of drugs. Actualization of the method used
in France]. Therapie . 1985;40(2):111-118.
20. Arimone Y, Bidault I, Dutertre J-P, et al. Réactualisation de la
méthode française d’imputabilité des effets indésirables des
médicaments. Thérapie . 2011;66(6):517-525.
doi:10.2515/therapie/2011073
21. Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, Baselga E, et al. Prospective Study of
Infantile Hemangiomas: Demographic, Prenatal, and Perinatal
Characteristics. J Pediatr . 2007;150(3):291-294.
doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.12.003
22. Munden A, Butschek R, Tom WL, et al. Prospective study of infantile
haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with
placental anomalies. Br J Dermatol . 2014;170(4):907-913.
doi:10.1111/bjd.12804
23. Yang H, Hu D-L, Shu Q, Guo X-D. Efficacy and adverse effects of oral
propranolol in infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis of comparative
studies. World J Pediatr . 2019;15(6):546-558.
doi:10.1007/s12519-019-00285-9
24. Baselga E, Dembowska-Baginska B, Przewratil P, et al. Efficacy of
Propranolol Between 6 and 12 Months of Age in High-Risk Infantile
Hemangioma. Pediatrics . 2018;142(3):e20173866.
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3866
25. Chang L, Gu Y, Yu Z, et al. When to stop propranolol for infantile
hemangioma. Sci Rep . 2017;7:43292. doi:10.1038/srep43292
26. Ji Y, Chen S, Xiang B, Yang Y, Qiu L. Safety and tolerance of
propranolol in neonates with severe infantile hemangiomas: a prospective
study. Sci Rep . 2017;7(1):1-8. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01321-2
27. Onnis G, Dreyfus I, Mazereeuw-Hautier J. Factors associated with
delayed referral for infantile hemangioma necessitating propranolol.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV . 2018;32(9):1584-1588.
doi:10.1111/jdv.14842
28. Wedgeworth E, Glover M, Irvine AD, et al. Propranolol in the
treatment of infantile haemangiomas: lessons from the European
Propranolol In the Treatment of Complicated Haemangiomas (PITCH)
Taskforce survey. Br J Dermatol . 2016;174(3):594-601.
doi:10.1111/bjd.14233
29. Leaute-Labreze C, Boccara O, Degrugillier-Chopinet C, et al. Safety
of Oral Propranolol for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A
Systematic Review. PEDIATRICS . 2016;138(4):e20160353-e20160353.
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0353
30. Prey S, Voisard J-J, Delarue A, et al. Safety of Propranolol Therapy
for Severe Infantile Hemangioma. JAMA . 2016;315(4):413-415.
doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13969
31. Droitcourt C, Kerbrat S, Rault C, et al. Safety of Oral Propranolol
for Infantile Hemangioma. Pediatrics . 2018;141(6).
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3783
32. Ji Y, Chen S, Wang Q, et al. Intolerable side effects during
propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: frequency, risk factors
and management. Sci Rep . 2018;8(1):1-7.
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22787-8
33. Frari LD, Léauté‐Labrèze C, Guibaud L, et al. Propranolol
pharmacokinetics in infants treated for Infantile Hemangiomas requiring
systemic therapy: Modeling and dosing regimen recommendations.Pharmacol Res Perspect . 2018;6(3):e00399. doi:10.1002/prp2.399
34. Takechi T, Kumokawa T, Kato R, Higuchi T, Kaneko T, Ieiri I.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Propranolol in
Pediatric Patients With Infantile Hemangioma. J Clin Pharmacol .
2018;58(10):1361-1370. doi:10.1002/jcph.1149
35. Martin K, Bleib F, Chamlin SL, et al. Propranolol Treatment of
Infantile Hemangiomas: Anticipatory Guidance for Parents and Caretakers.Pediatr Dermatol . 2013;30(1):155-159. doi:10.1111/pde.12022
36. Holland KE, Frieden IJ, Frommelt PC, Mancini AJ, Wyatt D, Drolet BA.
Hypoglycemia in Children Taking Propranolol for the Treatment of
Infantile Hemangioma. Arch Dermatol . 2010;146(7):775-778.
doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.158
37. Shepherd D, Adams S, Wargon O, Jaffe A. Childhood wheeze while
taking propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr
Pulmonol . 2012;47(7):713-715. doi:10.1002/ppul.21603
38. Petrovic J, Trifunovic B, Vukomanovic G, Topalovic M, Trajkovic G,
Parezanović V. Oral propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: a prospective
study on the role of 48-hour Holter monitoring in additional safety
assessment. J Dermatol Treat . 2017;28(6):554-558.
doi:10.1080/09546634.2016.1277177
39. Hengst M, Oelert M, Hoeger PH. Blood Pressure Monitoring During the
Induction and Maintenance Period of Propranolol Therapy for Complicated
Infantile Hemangiomas: A Prospective Study of 109 Infants. Pediatr
Dermatol . 2015;32(6):802-807. doi:10.1111/pde.12681
40. Raphael MF, Breugem CC, Vlasveld FAE, et al. Is cardiovascular
evaluation necessary prior to and during beta-blocker therapy for
infantile hemangiomas? J Am Acad Dermatol . 2015;72(3):465-472.
doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.019
41. Xu D-P, Cao R-Y, Xue L, Sun N-N, Tong S, Wang X-K. Treatment of
Severe Infantile Hemangiomas With Propranolol: An Evaluation of the
Efficacy and Effects of Cardiovascular Parameters in 25 Consecutive
Patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 2015;73(3):430-436.
doi:10.1016/j.joms.2014.09.010
42. Hoeger P, Harper J, Baselga E, et al. Treatment of infantile
haemangiomas: recommendations of a European expert group. Eur J
Pediatr . 2015;174. doi:10.1007/s00431-015-2570-0
43. Puttgen KB, Summerer B, Schneider J, Cohen BA, Boss EF, Bauman NM.
Cardiovascular and blood glucose parameters in infants during
propranolol initiation for treatment of symptomatic infantile
hemangiomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 2013;122(9):550-554.
doi:10.1177/000348941312200903
44. Frongia G, Byeon J-O, Arnold R, Mehrabi A, Günther P. Cardiac
diagnostics before oral propranolol therapy in infantile hemangioma:
retrospective evaluation of 234 infants. World J Pediatr .
2018;14(3):254-258. doi:10.1007/s12519-018-0137-7
45. Erdoğan I. Cardiac evaluation in children with hemangiomas.Turk Kardiyol Dernegi Arsivi-Arch Turk Soc Cardiol . January 2016.
doi:10.5543/tkda.2016.65171
46. Yarbrough KB, Tollefson MM, Krol AL, Leitenberger SL, Mann JA,
MacArthur CJ. Is Routine Electrocardiography Necessary Before Initiation
of Propranolol for Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas? Pediatr
Dermatol . 2016;33(6):615-620. doi:10.1111/pde.12972
47. Tang LY, Hing JW, Tang JY, et al. Predicting complications with
pretreatment testing in infantile haemangioma treated with oral
propranolol. Br J Ophthalmol . 2016;100(7):902-906.
doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307284
48. Chaturvedi K, Steinberg JS, Snyder CS. Cost-effectiveness of
treating infantile haemangioma with propranolol in an outpatient
setting. Cardiol Young . 2018;28(10):1105-1108.
doi:10.1017/S1047951118000987