Table 2 . Specific formation rates of Hlip, AMP and Lip-AMP in different assays. voverall represents values from assay of the overall lipoylation reaction (Fig.1); vStep1gives rates from assay of the first reaction step without addition of Hapo; vStep2 gives rates from assay of the second reaction step with the use of Lip-AMP (236 µM) formed from the first reaction as substrate. The initial concentration of Hapo was 10 µM for the overall reaction and the Step 2 reaction.