Drug Classes
Number of ADRs Frequency (%)
Implicated drugs (number of linked ADRs
ADRs
NSAIDs 14(20.3) Diclofenac (8), ibuprofen (5), felvin (1) Dyspepsia (4), Upper GI bleeding (13), syncopal attack (1)
Hypoglycaemic agents 12(17.4) Glibenclamide (7), metformin (3), insulin (2) Hypoglycaemia (12), seizure (1)
Antibacterial
11(15.8)
Cotrimoxazole (8), metronidazole (2), ciprofloxacin (1) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (1) Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (3), drug eruption (3), anaphylaxis (1), Peppery sensation at the infusion site (1), nausea and vomiting (1) Severe vomiting (1)
Antihypertensives
5(7.2)
Hydralazine (3), amlodipine (1), lisinopril (1), ramipril (1) Stroke (1), severe hypotension (2) Anaphylaxis (1) Skin rashes (2)
Antituberculosis 3(4.4) Pyrazinamide (3) Jaundice, Toxic hepatitis (2), recurrent hypoglycaemia (1)
Antineoplastic 3(4.4) Vincristine (2), cyclophosphamide (1) Severe vomiting (1) Loss of consciousness (2),
Herbal remedies 3(4.4) Herbal concoction (3) Upper GI bleeding (1), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (1), Toxic hepatitis (1)
Anticoagulants 2(2.9) Heparin (2) Petechial haemorrhage and ecchymosis (1), bleeding from femoral catheter site (1), Body rash (1)
Anticonvulsants
2(2.9)
Carbamazepine (1), phenytoin (1)
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (1) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (1)
Antiretroviral
2(2.9)
HAART*(2)
Bullous skin eruption (1), anaphylaxis (1) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Paracetamol 2(2.9) Paracetamol (1), paracetamol + caffeine (1) Upper GI bleeding (1), skin rash, blistering of the skin and mucous membrane (1)
Supplements and Vitamins
3(4.4)
Vitamin C (2), GNLD (1)
Dyspepsia (1), generalized tingling sensation and restlessness (1), hepatic failure, acute kidney injury (1)
Others
5(7.2)
ATS (1), Calcium gluconate (1), omeprazole (1), polyethylene glycol (1), normal saline (Bioflex) (1) Red wine Anaphylaxis (1) Generalised body weakness and vomiting Drowsiness (1) Loss of consciousness (1) Hyperthermia (1) Hypertensive crisis (1)
Unknown 2(2.9) Anaphylaxis (2)