Figure 1. Plant above-ground biomass for each trophic level (plant (P), plant + herbivore (PH), and plant + herbivore + predator (PHP)) and temperature treatment. In P treatments, all warming types increased plant biomass. In PH treatments, all warming types decreased plant biomass with the largest reduction occurring in night-warming conditions. In PHP treatments, only night-warming conditions showed a trophic cascade by increasing plant biomass relative to PH treatments. Each point represents the mean value with standard error bars.