Aphid Abundances
The interaction between predator presence and warming treatment on aphid abundances trended toward significance (df = 3, Chisq = 6.78, p = 0.079; Figure 2), and there were also individual effects of warming treatment (df = 3, Chisq = 56.26, p < 0.001 ; Figure 1) and predator presence (df = 1, Chisq = 11.06, p < 0.001). In the absence of predators, warming affected aphid abundance (df = 3, Chisq = 39.22, p < 0.001). Specifically, there were fewer aphids in the ambient treatment compared to all other warming treatments (all p’s < 0.01). There was not a difference between the constant treatment and day or night treatments (all p’s > 0.1), although there was a higher abundance of aphids in the night-warming treatment compared to the day-warming treatment (p = 0.0071). In the presence of predators, warming had an effect on aphid abundance (df = 3, Chisq = 21.44, p < 0.001). Specifically, there were fewer aphids in the ambient treatment compared to all other warming treatments (all p’s < 0.01). There were no differences between any of the warming treatments (all p’s = 0.9).