Figure 1. A pair of Mute Swans (Cygnus olor ) inhabits at
Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia
Figure 2. Locations of the 35 surveyed lakes and reservoirs in
North China. Elevation gradient is used as background
Figure 3. Map of the 35 surveyed lakes and reservoirs in North
China showing (a) waterbirds species richness, (b) functional richness,
and (c) lake productivity (mg.m-3)
Figure 4. Patterns of species richness and lake productivity
with environmental variables. Species richness of waterbirds as a
function of (a) latitude, (b) longitude, and (c) altitude. Lake
productivity (measured as chlorophyll a ) as a function of (d)
total nitrogen, (e) total phosphorus Data points correspond to
individual lakes. Regression lines show best liner fits. All regression
lines are significant (P <0.05)
Figure 5. SEM for lake
productivity. Latent variables are in ovals and measured variables in
rectangles. The strength of the causality (standardized path
coefficient) is indicted by the width of the line. Black lines indicate
positive effects while red lines mean negative impacts. T1: mean diurnal
range, T2: mean temperature of the wettest quarter, T3: mean temperature
of the warmest quarter, P1: annual total precipitation, P2:
precipitation of the driest month, P3: precipitation of the warmest
quarter, and P4: precipitation of the coldest quarter
Figure 6. SEM model for waterbirds functional diversity. Latent
variables in ovals and measured variables in rectangles. The strength of
the causality (standardized path coefficient for direct comparison) was
indicted by the width of the link. Black lines indicate positive effects
while red lines mean negative impacts. T1: mean diurnal range, T2: mean
temperature of the wettest quarter, T3: mean temperature of the warmest
quarter, P1: annual total precipitation, P2: precipitation of the driest
month, P3: precipitation of the warmest quarter, and P4: precipitation
of the coldest quarter
Figure 7. Integrated SEM model in which waterbirds functional
diversity is linked with lake productivity. Latent variables are in
ovals and measured variables in rectangles. The strength of the
causality (standardized path coefficient) was indicted by the width of
the link. Black lines indicate positive effects while red lines mean
negative impacts. T1: mean diurnal range, T2: mean temperature of the
wettest quarter, T3: mean temperature of the warmest quarter, P1: annual
total precipitation, P2: precipitation of the driest month, P3:
precipitation of the warmest quarter, and P4: precipitation of the
coldest quarter