Conclusions

The estimated incidence of AKI in this population was 15.2 %, of which 68% of episodes developed during hospital care providing a window of opportunity for changes in patients care and mitigation of AKI, if not prevention, in high-risk patients. CA-AKI and HA-AKI demonstrated similar in-hospital and 6-month mortality as well as demographics and risk factors. The prognosis, however, substantially worsens with the syndrome severity. Both preventive and management strategies to reduce the incidence and improve outcomes are highly warranted.