Background characteristics and clinical outcome
The baseline and procedural characteristics in 62 patients were given in Table 1. Structural heart disease (SHD) was found in 11 (15%) patients, and median AF history of 8 months was noted. An average procedure time was 125 minutes with RF time and energy for PVI of 10±3 min and 28±8 kJ, respectively. All patients had undergone superior vena cava isolation after PVI. Complication occurred in only one patient: an acute right phrenic nerve injury was identified following completion of the right-sided PVI before superior vena cava isolation. This was almost fully recovered after 6-month follow up.