Questionnaire data: census and surveys of enterprise types
Tables 1 and 2 present some characteristics of the poultry production sector in Purbalingga District. Figure 4 shows overview maps of the District. Of the 14,368 households surveyed, 8,925 (62.1%) kept poultry as a small-scale activity, the predominant breed being the local breed (kampong) chicken. Of these households, nearly half (3,866, 43.5%) primarily raised poultry for sale and 2,215 (24.8%) mainly kept poultry for personal consumption. The distribution of the numbers owned was skewed with over half of households (4,657, 52.2%) owning 5 chickens or less; few households (253, 2.8%) kept more than 30 chickens. 30% of households reported having had sick or dead poultry in the previous 12-month period.
Poultry density was highest in the more populated areas around Purbalingga town; the locations of collector yards appeared to be more or less correlated with village poultry density, but the live bird markets were more commonly found in proximity to access roads (with one large market in Purbalingga town). Poultry trading was carried out by approximately 60 traders and 100 collectors, about half of whom did business in more than one yard or market. These traders purchased poultry mainly from households in villages in Purbalingga. Traders aimed to not have any surplus of birds at the end of the trading day, but if there were unsold birds, these would be taken home to be sold subsequently or slaughtered. In some cases, birds would be left overnight at the market. Although some markets operated daily, the majority operated 2-3 times per week or less. Because many traders used multiple outlets for selling their poultry (depending on days of operation and convenience), some birds would be presented at multiple markets before being sold. Slaughtering facilities were present in just under half of the collector yards, but the sale of live birds was more common.
Approximately 80% of commercial enterprises consisted of mid- to large scale layer and broiler farms, owned independently or in partnership. The rate of AI vaccination exceeded 90%, but the types of vaccine used and the vaccination schedules followed were not queried. Vaccination was not commonly practised on broiler farms due to the short production cycle. Commercial farms were spatially somewhat removed from population-dense areas.