Questionnaire data: census and surveys of enterprise types
Tables 1 and 2 present some characteristics of the poultry production
sector in Purbalingga District. Figure 4 shows overview maps of the
District. Of the 14,368 households surveyed, 8,925 (62.1%) kept poultry
as a small-scale activity, the predominant breed being the local breed
(kampong) chicken. Of these households, nearly half (3,866, 43.5%)
primarily raised poultry for sale and 2,215 (24.8%) mainly kept poultry
for personal consumption. The distribution of the numbers owned was
skewed with over half of households (4,657, 52.2%) owning 5 chickens or
less; few households (253, 2.8%) kept more than 30 chickens. 30% of
households reported having had sick or dead poultry in the previous
12-month period.
Poultry density was highest in the more populated areas around
Purbalingga town; the locations of collector yards appeared to be more
or less correlated with village poultry density, but the live bird
markets were more commonly found in proximity to access roads (with one
large market in Purbalingga town). Poultry trading was carried out by
approximately 60 traders and 100 collectors, about half of whom did
business in more than one yard or market. These traders purchased
poultry mainly from households in villages in Purbalingga. Traders aimed
to not have any surplus of birds at the end of the trading day, but if
there were unsold birds, these would be taken home to be sold
subsequently or slaughtered. In some cases, birds would be left
overnight at the market. Although some markets operated daily, the
majority operated 2-3 times per week or less. Because many traders used
multiple outlets for selling their poultry (depending on days of
operation and convenience), some birds would be presented at multiple
markets before being sold. Slaughtering facilities were present in just
under half of the collector yards, but the sale of live birds was more
common.
Approximately 80% of commercial enterprises consisted of mid- to large
scale layer and broiler farms, owned independently or in partnership.
The rate of AI vaccination exceeded 90%, but the types of vaccine used
and the vaccination schedules followed were not queried. Vaccination was
not commonly practised on broiler farms due to the short production
cycle. Commercial farms were spatially somewhat removed from
population-dense areas.