Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events
One- and five-year rates of MACCE were similar between high- and
low-risk groups (Figure 2 ). Multivariable modeling did not find
the high-risk cohort to be associated with increased hazards for 5-year
MACCE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.38, P=0.488). Similarly, when modeled
as a continuous variable, increasing preoperative troponin levels did
not correlate with rates of MACCE (HR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01,
P=0.967) (Supplemental Table 2 ). Factors associated with
increased hazards for MACCE included history of diabetes mellitus,
cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and increasing
serum creatinine. Increasing preoperative left ventricular ejection
fraction was associated with decreased hazards for MACCE (Table
4 ).