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\begin{document}

\title{Impacts of Climate Seasonality on Water Availability and Long-Term Water
Balance - A Aridity-Seasonality Index (ASI)}



\author[1]{Antonio Meira Neto}%
\author[1]{Guoyue Niu}%
\affil[1]{University of Arizona}%


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  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This study investigates the impacts of climate seasonality, i.e., the
seasonal cycle of precipitation (P) relative to that of potential
evaporation (PET), on surface water supply and the long-term water
partitioning and proposes an augmented aridity index considering climate
seasonality in addition to climatic mean. Evaporation tends to be
favored over streamflow at long-term timescales when both cycles occur
in tandem (in-phase seasonality), while the opposite occurs (less
evaporation, more streamflow) when the two cycles are out-of-phase. This
study proposes a straightforward approach to incorporating the
seasonality effects on the mean annual water balance into the Budyko
framework, by revising the water availability (A) in the formulation of
the aridity index (\selectlanguage{greek}Φ\selectlanguage{english}). We hypothesize the Budyko curve represents
catchments with uniform monthly values of P, leading to a mathematical
formulation of A that better represents the coupled, land-atmosphere
nature of the water availability. Our results also provide a simple
mathematical framework for incorporating the seasonality into the
aridity index, thus reducing the dimensionality of the long-term water
balance problem through an aridity-seasonality index (\selectlanguage{greek}Φ\selectlanguage{english}'). The
formulation used here was able to improve the explanatory power of the
Budyko framework for 328 catchments within the continental US, being
proved as a useful strategy for the incorporating climate variations
into its formulation in addition to climatic mean.%
\end{abstract}%



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