Type I/III IFN |
increased and prolonged production |
moderate
suppression |
high and prolonged suppression |
Viral replication |
limited |
mild or chronic |
high and
sustained |
Immune response |
strong and rapid induction of adaptive
immunity, viral clearance. |
NK cell and complement mediated clearance
of infected cells, reduced adaptive immune responses |
hyperinflammation, cytokine storm e.g. IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, delayed or
ineffective adaptive immune response, innate T cell
activity. |
Pathology |
none, sub-clinical |
tissue damage due to
inflammatory response |
viral induced cytotoxicity, ADCC, complement
mediated damage, pyroptosis, necroptosis, neutrophil driven
netosis. |
Vascular damage and
thrombosis
|
no
|
not likely or mild
|
highly likely and contributes to clinical disease and tissue damage
hence the finding of high levels of D-dimer produced to counteract
thrombi formation.
|