Repeat element and non-coding RNA annotation
Repeats and transposable element families in the PFM genome were first detected by RepeatMasker v4.0.7 pipeline (Tarailo‐Graovac & Chen, 2009) against the Insecta repeats within RepBase Update (http://www.girinst.org) and Dfam database (20170127), with RMBlast v2.10.0 as a search engine. The noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) were annotated by aligning the genomic sequence against RFAM v14.2 (http://rfam.xfam.org/) with BLASTN. The tRNAs and rRNAs were predicted by tRNAscan-SE and RNAmmer (Lagesen et al., 2007; Lowe & Eddy, 1997).