Orthology identification and phylogenetic inference
Protein-coding genes from another 11 species of Lepidoptera as well as two species of Coleoptera and two species of Diptera were obtained from the NCBI genomes database for comparative analysis (Table 1 ). Orthologs were identified using OrthoFinder version 2.2.7 (Emms & Kelly, 2015) under default parameters. The phylogenetic tree was inferred in the OrthoFinder pipeline with an approximately-maximum-likelihood method implemented in FastTree v2.1.10 (Price, Dehal, & Arkin, 2009) based on a concatenated multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of single-copy genes. The most likely category for each site was set using a Bayesian approach with a gamma prior. Amino acid sequences were aligned in MAFFT v7.450 (Katoh & Standley, 2013) with the G-INS-I algorithm.