Evolution of detoxification genes
We manually identified 96 P450s, 77 GSTs, 63 CCEs, 28 UGTs, and 104 ABCs in the PFM genome (Table 2; Fig. S2). PFM had the highest number of GST genes and the second highest number of ABCs following the O. furnacalis when compared to the other lepidopterans. The number of P450 and CCE genes in PFM are at an intermediate level. We found that PFM had the lowest number of UGT genes, along with two other moths located at basal lineages of the Lepidoptera. These results suggest that PFM may have a unique way of detoxication with a reduced importance of UGT when compared to the other moths. This may have implications for pesticide responses in PFM give that these detoxification genes can respond in different ways to various pesticides in moths (Hu et al., 2019).