Results
A total of 379 patients from eight centers were included in study and
the mean age of patients was 56.6±12.5 (18-94) years old. Of these
patients 340 (89.7%) were male and 39 (10.3%) were female. The mean
BMI was 28.5±5.0 (18.7-49) kg/m2 and the most common
co-morbidity was hypertension (27.2%). The demographic characteristics
of patients were given in Table 1. Nocturnal polyuria was the most
common subtype (68.1%); the other subtypes were reduced bladder
capacity (64.1%), mixed nocturia (combinations of nocturnal polyuria,
reduced bladder capacity and global polyuria) (42.7%) and global
polyuria (8.7%). However, 6.1% of the patients did not comply with the
afore-mentioned subtypes and this was defined as isolated nocturia which
probably reflects the patients with sleep disorders. The distribution of
etiological factors is given in Figure 1.
Regarding the severity of nocturia; 155 (41%) patients had mild, 167
(45%) patients had moderate and 57 (15%) patients had severe nocturia.
Increased nocturia severity was associated with higher age,
comorbidities and beta-blocker medication rates (p=0.005,
p<0.001 and p=0.002 respectively); however the body mass index
(BMI) values, smoking status and gender were similar between the
nocturia severity groups (Table 2). All of the urinary symptom
questionnaires’ scores used in our study including ICIQ-FLUTS,
ICIQ-MLUTS and OAB were significantly rising with the increase in
nocturia severity (Table 2). Increased nocturia severity was found to be
associated with higher daytime urinary frequency, night-time urine
volume, total daily urine volume and evening liquid consumption
according to 3-day frequency-volume chart results (Table 3). However
there were no significant differences between the nocturia severity
groups in terms of maximal flow rates (Qmax) in uroflowmetry and
post-voiding residual volumes (p=0.070 and p= 0.267). Rate of all
pathophysiological mechanisms of nocturia were rising with the increase
of nocturia severity, especially for mild nocturia compared to
moderate-severe nocturia (Table 3).