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\begin{document}

\title{Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia patients
from an intensive care unit in Faisalabad, Pakistan}



\author[1]{Noor Gul}%
\author[1]{Umer Usman}%
\author[2]{Umair Ahmed}%
\author[3]{Majid Ali}%
\author[1]{Aamir Shaukat}%
\author[1]{Mehar Muhammad  Imran}%
\affil[1]{District Headquarter Hospital}%
\affil[2]{Allied Hospital}%
\affil[3]{Umm Al-Qura University College of Pharmacy}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 02, 2024}


\begingroup
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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe
COVID-19 adult patients, with the exploration of risk factors for
mortality in the hospital. Methods: This study included 20 adult
patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ICU of DHQ Hospital Faisalabad
(Pakistan) and were categorized into the survival group and death group
according to the outcome. We retrieved demographics, clinical
manifestations and signs, laboratory indicators, treatment measures, and
clinical outcomes from the medical record, and summarized the clinical
characteristics and outcomes of these patients. Results: The average age
of patients was 70 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 12 years, of which 40\% were male. They were
admitted to the ICU 11 days after the onset of symptoms. The most common
symptoms on admission were cough (19 cases, 95\%), fatigue or myalgia
(18 cases, 90\%), fever (17 cases, 85\%), and dyspnea (16 cases, 80\%).
Eleven (55\%) patients had underlying diseases, of which hypertension
was the most common (11 cases, 55\%), followed by cardiovascular disease
(4 cases, 20\%), and diabetes (3 cases, 15\%). Six patients (30\%)
received invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous renal
replacement therapy and eventually died. Acute heart injury was the most
common complication (19 cases, 95\%). Ten (50\%) patients died between 2
and 19 days after admission to the ICU. Compared to dead patients, the
average body weight of surviving patients was lower (61.70± 2.36 vs
68.60±7.15, P = 0.01), Glasgow Coma Scale score was higher (14.69±0.70
vs 12.70±2.45, P = 0.03), with fewer concurrent shocks (2 vs 10, P =
0.001) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 vs 10, P = 0.001).
Conclusion: The mortality rate is high in patients with critical
COVID-19 disease. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale, higher body weight, and
decreased lymphocyte count appear to be potential risk factors for the
death of COVID-19 patients in the ICU.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\textbf{What is already known about this subject?}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Mortality rate is higher in critically ill COVID-19 patients, in
  Japanese, European, and American populations.
\item
  Hypertension is the most commonly associated comorbidity in these
  patients.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{What does this study contribute to the literature?}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Mortality rate is higher in critically ill COVID-19 patients and
  hypertension is the most commonly associated comorbidity, in
  South-Asian population also.
\item
  Lower GCS score, higher body weight, and lymphocytopenia appear to be
  potential risk factors for the death of COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{1. INTRODUCTION}

On March 11, 2020, due to the alarmingly increasing number of global
cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health
Organization declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic.\textsuperscript{1}~As of
August 18, 2020, the number of globally confirmed COVID-19 cases
exceeded 21 million, the number of existing active cases was more than 6
million of which severe patients accounted for 1\%, and the mortality
rate in 216 countries and regions, based on the cases which had an
outcome, was 5\%.\textsuperscript{2.3}~With the spread of COVID-19
around the world, the intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the major
rescue departments for severe pneumonia~ensuing from
COVID-19.\textsuperscript{4}

Numerous studies have described preliminary findings of the epidemiology
of COVID-19 patients,\textsuperscript{5} clinical features,
outcomes,~and risk factors for death.\textsuperscript{6-9}~However,
there are relatively few studies that have reported clinical
characteristics and survival outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill
patients.~A retrospective study from Italy has published baseline
characteristics of COVID-19 ICU hospitalized
patients.\textsuperscript{10}~Similarly, two retrospective studies from
Wuhan also described the severe clinical course and outcome~of COVID-19
critically ill patients.\textsuperscript{11,12} Another study from Wuhan
has reported the poor outcomes in cancer patients infected with
COVID-19.\textsuperscript{13}

Current research shows that the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
patients in the ICU is extremely high, which exerts significant pressure
on hospital intensive care resources.\textsuperscript{11,13}~More
evidence is required to better observe and summarize the characteristics
and outcomes of COVID-19 ICU patients, which would be essential to guide
the treatment of ICU patients and the rational allocation of intensive
care resources. This study aimed to describe the demographics, survival
status, clinical outcomes, and the risk factors of COVID-19 diagnosed
patients who were admitted to the ICU of District Headquarter (DHQ)
Hospital, Faisalabad (Pakistan) from May 10 to July 10, 2020.

\textbf{2. METHODS}

\textbf{2.1 Inclusion criteria}

According to the diagnostic and classification criteria of the National
Institute of Health {[}NIH{]} Pakistan,\textsuperscript{14} following
criteria were used to enroll the patients admitted in the ICU of DHQ
Hospital, Faisalabad due to COVID-19 associated pneumonia:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Age \emph{\textgreater{}} 18 years.
\item
  Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of NIH Pakistan~for COVID-19
  infection, which are as follows:
\item
  Clinical manifestations including fever and pulmonary symptoms (cough,
  shortness of breath, chest pain, and tightness).
\item
  Radiological findings of consolidation, ground-glass opacities (GGOs)
  either on chest X-ray or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).
\item
  Real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
  (RT-PCR) of respiratory samples (nasal/oropharyngeal swab or tracheal
  secretions) positive for SARS-CoV-2. The laboratory confirmation of
  SARS-CoV-2 infection was carried out by the local health department.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{2.2 Exclusion criteria}

Following patients were excluded from the study:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Patients with negative detection of novel coronavirus nucleic acid.
\item
  Heart failure with pulmonary edema (non-COVID heart disease).
\item
  Allergic pneumonia (acute or chronic eosinophilic pneumonia).
\item
  Patient refusal to be enrolled in the study.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{2.3 Sample size}

Twenty eligible confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients were available to
be enrolled in the study in the above time period.

\textbf{2.4 Study design}

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted
at the ICU of DHQ Faisalabad (Pakistan) from during the above time
period.

The facility was designated as a referral center by the provincial
health department to cater to approximately 13 million population from
the surrounding districts. The patients from these districts were
referred to this facility for the management of COVID-19 patients.

\textbf{2.5 Data collection and procedure}

A standardized data collection form was used to obtain patients'
demographics, clinical manifestations and signs, laboratory indicators,
treatment measures, and clinical outcomes from their electronic medical
records. This data form is a revision of the NIH Pakistan Severe Acute
Respiratory and Emerging Infections Association Case Record Form
Version.\textsuperscript{14}~The recorded data included:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Demographics: Age, gender, body mass.
\item
  Underlying diseases: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic
  kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes,
  cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, tumor.
\item
  Symptoms from onset to admission: Fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue or
  myalgia, diarrhea.
\item
  Vital signs at admission to ICU: Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen
  saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.
\item
  Laboratory tests at admission: Blood routine, coagulation profile,
  liver and kidney function tests, myocardial enzyme spectrum, atrial
  natriuretic peptide (BNP), infection indicators (C-reactive protein,
  procalcitonin).
\item
  Therapies: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), oxygen
  inhalation, noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), invasive
  mechanical ventilation (IMV).
\item
  Complications: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute heart
  injury, shock.
\item
  Hospital stay: Duration of stay in hospital prior to admission to ICU,
  duration of stay in ICU.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{2.6 Operational definitions}

According to the provisional guidelines of the NIH
Pakistan,\textsuperscript{14} following definitions were employed in the
study.

Moderate Disease: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection with any
one of the following features:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Respiratory rate [?] 30/min at rest.
\item
  Oxygen saturation (SpO2) [?] 93\% on room air.
\item
  Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) /oxygen uptake concentration
  (FiO2) [?] 300.
\end{enumerate}

Severe Disease: Patients with moderate disease criteria plus any one of
the following:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Oxygen requirement of more than 10 liters for 90\% saturation.
\item
  50\% of lung involvement on either chest X-ray or HRCT.
\item
  CRP \textgreater{} 10 mg/L, D-dimer \textgreater{} 1000 mg/mL, serum
  ferritin \textgreater{} 1000 ng/mL.
\item
  Secondary infection (diagnosed by blood culture and sensitivity test
  or raised procalcitonin).
\item
  Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/oxygen uptake concentration
  (FiO2) {[}PaO2/FiO2{]} (PF ratio) \textless{} 118 mmHg.
\end{enumerate}

Critical Disease: Patients with severe disease and any one of the
following were labeled as having critical disease:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Shock
\item
  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
\item
  Cardiac injury
\item
  Multi-organ dysfunction
\end{enumerate}

Shock:~Persistent hypotension despite volume resuscitation, requiring
vasopressor to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 65 mmHg and serum
lactate level \textgreater{} 2 mmol/L.\textsuperscript{15}

ARDS: As per the Berlin Definition~of ARDS:\textsuperscript{16}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Onset: Within one week of a known clinical consultation.
\item
  Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid
  overload.
\item
  Bilateral opacities not fully explained by fluid overload, lobar or
  lung collapse or nodules.
\item
  Oxygen impairment with PF ratio \textless{} 300 mmHg.
\end{enumerate}

Cardiac Injury: Cardiac injury is diagnosed if the serum level of a
cardiac marker (such as high-sensitivity troponin I) is higher than the
99\textsuperscript{th} percentile upper reference limit, or the ECG and
echocardiogram show new abnormalities.\textsuperscript{17}

Multi-organ Dysfunction: Acute life-threatening organ dysfunction with
any of the following signs:

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Altered mental status
\item
  Reduced urine output
\item
  Shortness of breath or increased respiratory failure
\item
  Signs of impending shock or circulatory failure
\item
  Decrease oxygen saturation
\item
  Lab evidence of coagulopathy
\item
  Thrombocytopenia
\item
  Acidosis
\item
  Raised lactate level
\item
  Deranged liver function and renal function
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{2.7 Data Analysis}

Continuous variables were expressed as~means with standard deviation~and
95\%~confidence interval.~Categorical variables were expressed as
frequencies (percentages) with 95\%~confidence interval.~Where
appropriate, the~t-test and~chi-square~test~(Fisher's exact test where
required) were used~to compare the differences between the survival and
death groups.~Single-factor logistic analysis was used to explore the
risk factors associated with hospital deaths.~If the number of events
was too small to calculate the odds ratio or there was collinearity
between the variables, the variable was excluded from the univariate
logistic analysis.~P~\textless{} 0.05 was considered statistically
significant unless otherwise stated.

\textbf{3. RESULTS}

\textbf{3.1 Demographics}

Twenty eligible patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were
admitted to the ICU of DHQ Hospital Faisalabad during the above
mentioned duration. The mean age of the patients was 70±12 years (35 to
85 years), 40\% of them were male.~The mean duration of symptoms before
admission to the ICU DHQ Hospital was 11±9 days.~The most common symptom
on admission was cough.~Other common symptoms include fatigue or myalgia
(n=18, 90\%), fever (n=17, 85\%), and dyspnea (n=16, 80\%).~Six (30\%)
patients had more than one underlying disease. More than 50\% (n=11,
55\%) of patients had underlying diseases, of which hypertension was the
most common (n=11, 55\%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (n=4,
20\%) and diabetes (n=3, 15\%).~Ten patients died during the ICU
hospitalization (hereinafter referred to as ''death group''), and 10
patients recovered and were discharged (hereinafter referred to as
''survival group'').~Table 1 represents the demographics, clinical
characteristics, and laboratory indicators of the patients in each
group.

\textbf{3.2 Laboratory indicators}

Laboratory parameters showed that 11 patients (55\%) developed
lymphopenia (lymphocyte count \textless{} 0.8×10\textsuperscript{9}/L),
of which eight patients eventually died (P = 0.07).~The baseline
lymphocyte count of the survival group was significantly higher than
that of the death group. Among the survivors, the lymphocyte count was
the lowest on days 1 to 3 after hospitalization, however, improved
during hospitalization, while persistent lymphopenia was observed in the
death group.~ The white blood cell count in the death group showed a
rising trend, and its mean value began to be higher than that in the
survival group from 4 to 6 days after admission to the ICU DHQ Hospital
Faisalabad.

The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the death group were
significantly higher than those in the survival group, and the urine
volume continued to decrease after 4 to 6 days of admission to the ICU.
The D-dimer increased at admission to 6.91 ± 11.17 mg/mL in all
patients, and 15 (75\%) patients had D-dimer \textgreater{} 1
mg/mL.~Half of the patients had blood urea nitrogen \textgreater{} 7.1
\selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}mol/L.~The D-dimer of the survival group was significantly lower than
that of the death group and began to show a downward trend from 9 to 11
days after admission to the ICU.~Most patients had increased lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) (17 cases, 85\%) and BNP (15 cases, 75\%) at the
time of admission, respectively 539.15\selectlanguage{ngerman}±455.85 U/L and 5696.53±8832.56
pg/mL.

In all patients, C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated to 101.46±65.60
mg/L.~The CRP in the survival group showed a significant downward trend
after the admission to the ICU, while the CRP in the death group
increased as the disease worsened.~The majority of the patients (17
cases, 85\%) had high procalcitonin (ProCT), 0.31±0.42 ng/mL, of which 8
(40\%) patients had 0.1 \selectlanguage{english}[?] ProCT \textless{} 0.25 ng/mL and 7 (35\%)
patients had 0.25 \selectlanguage{english}[?] ProCT \textless{} 0.5 ng/mL. Figure 1 shows the
trends of laboratory indicators in the patients from the time of
admission to the ICU.

\textbf{3.3 ICU treatment and clinical outcomes}

The duration of stay in ICU was 15+-11 days.~Most patients (n=19, 95\%)
required oxygen inhalation in the ICU. Fourteen patients (70\%) required
NIV support. All 10 patients in the death group received NIV treatment,
of which six (30\%) received further IMV treatment.~Six patients
receiving IMV also received CRRT due to multi-organ dysfunction.~Acute
heart injury was the most common complication (n=19, 95\%), followed by
shock (n=12, 60\%), ARDS (n=12, 60\%), and pneumothorax (n=2, 10\%).~The
death group patients were all considered complicated with shock and
ARDS, and the probability of complicating shock and ARDS in the death
group was significantly higher than that in the survival group
(100\%~vs~20\%,~P~= 0.001; 100\%~vs~20\%,~P~= 0.001). Table 2 represents
the treatment measures, complications, and clinical outcomes of the
patients.

\textbf{3.4 Risk factors for death}

Half of the patients (10 patients) died between 2 and 19 days after
admission to the ICU. Figure 2 shows the clinical course and outcome of
each patient.~Compared with dead patients, the average weight of the
surviving patients was lower (61.70+-2.36~vs~68.60+-7.15 kg,~P~= 0.01),
and the GCS score was higher (14.69+-0.70~vs~12.70+-2.45,~P~=
0.03).~Univariate logistic analysis showed that increased body weight
(OR=1.39, 95\%~CI: 1.01\textasciitilde{}1.93) and decreased lymphocyte
count (OR=0.11, 95\%~CI: 0.01\textasciitilde{}0.84) were significantly
associated with death among the patients. Table 3 represents the
association of various factors with death in the regression model.

\textbf{4 DISCUSSION}

Our study reports the analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes
of 20 confirmed COVID-19 patients characterized by severe disease. Nine
(45\%) of these patients died within 35 days of admission to the
hospital.

Our critically ill patients with COVID-19 were older which is in line
with other studies.\textsuperscript{8,18}~In previous studies involving
severe COVID-19 patients, most common symptoms were fever, cough,
fatigue, and dyspnea.\textsuperscript{6-8,9,11,18}~Similarly, the
incidence of cough, fatigue or myalgia, fever, and dyspnea on admission
in our study were 95\% (n=19), 90\% (n=18), 85\% (n=17) and 80\% (n=16)
respectively.~In these patients mean duration of symptoms was 11+-9 days
from onset to ICU admission, and the previous studies~reported similar
(from 7-12 days) duration of symptoms prior to ICU
admission.\textsuperscript{5,7,9,11}

More than half of the patients (n=11, 55\%) in our center had underlying
diseases, similar to~the data reported by~the study from Wuhan~(n=64,
46\%).\textsuperscript{8} However, a much higher percentage of patients
has been reported in other studies.\textsuperscript{7,18}~Similar to the
previous studies,\textsuperscript{8,18} hypertension was the most common
comorbidity, followed by cardiovascular disease and diabetes in our
study.~This requires more follow-up data for the observation of
hypertension, the hypertension treatment received by the patient, and
the assessment of high-risk factors.

With regards to laboratory indicators, 11 (55\%) patients in our center
developed lymphocytopenia on admission, and it mainly occurred in the
death group (n=8).~Decreased lymphocyte count was significantly
associated with the death of COVID-19 patients in ICU.~This
is~consistent with the results of a single factor analysis of~the
retrospective study from~Wuhan.\textsuperscript{8}~Previous studies of
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome {[}SARS{]} and Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome {[}MERS{]} have also found lymphopenia in their
studies.~Studies have confirmed that lymphopenia is one of the earliest
changes in SARS and a reliable prognostic indicator of
SARS.\textsuperscript{19}~In addition, studies have also shown that MERS
coronavirus can induce T cell apoptosis through the activation of
apoptotic pathways.\textsuperscript{20}~In several previous studies on
moderate disease patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, only
35\%\textsuperscript{6} and 40\%\textsuperscript{5} of patients had mild
lymphopenia, whereas in other studies severe SARS-CoV-2 associated
lymphopenia occurred in more than 70\%\textsuperscript{12} and
80\%\textsuperscript{11} of the~infected patients, suggesting that
lymphopenia may reflect the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Most critically ill patients in our center had an increased LDH (n=17,
85\%) when they were admitted, slightly higher than the
76\%\textsuperscript{6} and 67\%\textsuperscript{5} observed in patients
from the other studies. All patients in our study had elevated D-dimers
on admission, and 15 (75\%) patients had D-dimers \textgreater{} 1
mg/L.~However, in the study of moderate disease COVID-19 patients, only
36\% had an increase in D-dimer.\textsuperscript{6}~Another early study
from Wuhan also showed that ICU patients had a higher level of D-dimer
(median D-dimer level of 2.4 mg/L) than non-ICU patients (median D-dimer
level of 0.5 mg/L). Studies have also found that D-dimer \textgreater{}
1 mg/L has been associated with increased mortality of
patients.\textsuperscript{5}~Our study did not observe differences
between survival and death groups in terms of D-dimer, which may be
related to small sample size.~The CRP of all patients in our study was
increased to 101.46+-65.60 mg/L, which was much higher than the average
CRP in moderate disease COVID-19 patients, 51.4+-41.8
mg/L.\textsuperscript{6} The probability of CRP increase (100\%) was
also higher in our study than that of moderate disease COVID-19
patients, 60.7\%\textsuperscript{18} and
86\%.\textsuperscript{6}~Similarly, the probability of elevated ProCT
(85\%, n=17) was much higher in our study than the 6\% to 30\%
probability found in moderate disease COVID-19 patient
studies.\textsuperscript{6,5,18}~It is, therefore, suggested that
secondary bacterial infection may be a complication in severe patients
and cannot be disregarded.

Mechanical ventilation is the main supportive treatment for COVID-19
critically ill patients.~In our study, only six patients (30\%) received
further IMV treatment, which is much lower than reported in other ICU
patients: 88\% (Lombardy, Italy),\textsuperscript{10} 47\%
(Wuhan),\textsuperscript{8} 42\% (Wuhan),\textsuperscript{11}~and 30\%
(Wuhan).\textsuperscript{7} Non-invasive ventilation was used more
frequently, with 70\% of patients receiving NIV in our study, as
compared to the rate of NIV use in other ICU studies: 42\%
(Wuhan),\textsuperscript{8} 56\% (Wuhan),\textsuperscript{11} and 62\%
(Wuhan).\textsuperscript{7}

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by ARDS has been found to be
the most common complication (60\% to 70\% of patients admitted to the
ICU), followed by shock (30\%), myocardial dysfunction (20\% to 30\%)
and acute kidney disease injury (10\%\textasciitilde{}30\%) {[}5,6
9-11{]}.\textsuperscript{7-11}~In our study, acute heart injury was the
most common (19 cases, 95\%), followed by ARDS (12 cases, 60\%), shock
(12 cases, 60\%), and pneumothorax (2 cases, 10\%).~A study of mild
disease COVID-19 patients in Wuhan~reported that 53\% of patients in
their cohort died of respiratory failure, 7\% died of shock (probably
caused by fulminant myocarditis), and 33\% of patients died of both
conditions.\textsuperscript{21}~In our study, the 10 patients in the
death group were all complicated with shock and ARDS. The probability of
death and ARDS in the death group was much higher than that in the
survival group.~Due to the limited sample size, this study failed to
show the association of concurrent ARDS or shock with the death of
patients. We speculate that concurrent ARDS and shock may be related to
the death of severe COVID-19 patients. Due to the limitation of sample
size and lack of laboratory data, our study found that only increased
BMI and decreased lymphocyte count were significantly associated with an
increased chance of death in patients with COVID-19 in the ICU.

This study had several limitations.~Firstly, the study was conducted in
a single center and was limited by the time of follow-up. Only 20
patients with serious and critical COVID-19 disease patients were
included.~Smaller sample size may reduce the reliability of the
statistical analysis.~Secondly, there was a lack of detailed medical and
treatment information during the hospitalization of patients, such as
mechanical ventilation parameters, blood gases, patient medication,
imaging examinations, and other supportive treatments.~Finally, this is
a retrospective study that failed to include adequate laboratory tests
on all patients, including interleukin 6, serum ferritin, etc.,
resulting in an inability to assess their role in predicting hospital
deaths.~The findings of our study can be utilized by future studies to
further investigate the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 patients
hospitalized in ICU.~However, a prospective multicenter study with a
larger sample size is necessitated to further explore the factors
associated with nosocomial death in severe COVID-19 patients.

\textbf{5. CONCLUSION}

In summary, critically ill patients with COVID-19 tend to be relatively
older.~Hypertension is the most common underlying condition in critical
COVIID-19 patients. The mortality rate is high in critical COVID-19
patients. Lower GCS score, higher body weight, and decreased lymphocyte
count appear to be potential risk factors for the death of COVID-19
patients in the ICU.

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  Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al. Clinical features of patients infected
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  2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
\item
  Wang D, Hu B, Hu C et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized
  Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus--Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan,
  China.~\emph{JAMA} . 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
\item
  Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus
  Disease 2019 in China.~\emph{NEJM} . 2020;382(18):1708-1720.
  doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032
\item
  Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of
  mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients
  from Wuhan, China.~\emph{Intensive Care Med} . 2020;46(5):846-848.
  doi:10.1007/s00134-020- 05991-x
\item
  Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A et al. Baseline Characteristics
  and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to
  ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy.~\emph{JAMA} .
  2020;323(16):1574-1581. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5394
\item
  Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically
  ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a
  single-centered, retrospective, observational study.~\emph{The Lancet
  Respiratory Medicine} . 2020;8(5):475-481.
  doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30079-5
\item
  Wang Y, Lu X, Li Y et al. Clinical Course and Outcomes of 344
  Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19.~\emph{Am J Respir Crit Care
  Med} . 2020;201(11):1430-1434. doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0736le
\item
  Zhang L, Zhu F, Xie L et al. Clinical characteristics of
  COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three
  hospitals within Wuhan, China.~\emph{Annals of Oncology} .
  2020;31(7):894-901. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.296
\item
  National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
  COVID-19. 2020; https://www.nih.org.pk/novel-coranavirus-2019-ncov/.
  Accessed March 27, 2020.
\item
  World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute
  respiratory infection (\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}SARI)\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english} when COVID-19 disease is suspected:
  interim guidance 13 March 2020. 2020;
  https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331446. Accessed March 27,
  2020.
\item
  Dubb R, Hekler M, Kaltwasser A. Bauchlagerung von Intensivpatienten -
  Gibt es neue Trends?.~\emph{Intensiv} . 2004;12(01):4-8.
  doi:10.1055/s-2004-812696
\item
  Gao C, Wang Y, Gu X et al. Association Between Cardiac Injury and
  Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Infected With Avian Influenza A
  (H7N9) Virus.~\emph{Crit Care Med} . 2020;48(4):451-458.
  doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004207
\item
  Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus
  disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and
  meta-analysis.~\emph{Journal of Infection} . 2020;80(6):656-665.
  doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041
\item
  Ding Y, He L, Zhang Q et al. Organ distribution of severe acute
  respiratory syndrome(SARS) associated coronavirus(SARS-CoV) in SARS
  patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission
  pathways.~\emph{J Pathol} . 2004;203(2):622-630. doi:10.1002/path.1560
\item
  Chu H, Zhou J, Ho-Yin Wong B et al. Productive replication of Middle
  East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic
  cells modulates innate immune response.~\emph{Virology} .
  2014;454:197-205. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.02.018
\item
  Wang X, Liu W, Zhao J et al. Clinical characteristics of 80
  hospitalized frontline medical workers infected with COVID-19 in
  Wuhan, China.~\emph{Journal of Hospital Infection} .
  2020;105(3):399-403. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.019\textbf{TABLE 1}
  Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory indicators of
  the patients
\end{enumerate}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Parameter}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total (n~=20)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Survival group (n~=10)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Death group (n~=10)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{P value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Age (year)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.75\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.80\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.79\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±15.60\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gender\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gender\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gender\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gender\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gender\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Male}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (50\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.65\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Female}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (50\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Weight (kg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65.15\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.28\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.36\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
68.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.15\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24.45\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24.12\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.03\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24.78\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.67\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Comorbidities\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Comorbidities\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Comorbidities\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Comorbidities\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Comorbidities\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{COPD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Chronic kidney disease}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (5\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 (0\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Cardiovascular disease}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Hypertension}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11 (55\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (50\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Diabetes}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (15\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Cerebral vascular disease}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical manifestations and signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical manifestations and signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical manifestations and signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical manifestations and signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical manifestations and signs\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Fever}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17 (85\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Cough}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19 (95\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Dyspnea}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.09\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Fatigue or myalgia}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.47\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Diarrhea}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (15\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vital Signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vital Signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vital Signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vital Signs\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vital Signs\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Oxygen saturation (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
85.55 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(84.10\selectlanguage{ngerman}±13.82)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(89.00\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.42)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Respiratory rate}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.30\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.90\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Respiratory rate \textgreater{} 24/min}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Heart rate}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
97.95\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.72\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
99.50\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.94\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
96.40\selectlanguage{ngerman}±17.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.69\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{GCS score}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.65\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.01\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.69\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.70\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.45\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Duration\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Duration\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Duration\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Duration\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Duration\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Days from onset to ICU admission}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11.15\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.45\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.10\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.47\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.20\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.16\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Days in the general ward prior to ICU admission}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.55\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.50\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.78\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.96\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.51\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Days from onset to hospitalization}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.35\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.20\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10.50\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.52\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.43\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Days from onset to dyspnea}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.95\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.63\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.40\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.09\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory indicators\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory indicators\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory indicators\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory indicators\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory indicators\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\emph{WBC (×10\textsuperscript{9}/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.13\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.12\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.87\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.29\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.73\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textless{} 4}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (5\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 (0\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{4-10}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.63\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 10}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (25\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{NEU (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
82.40\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
84.10\selectlanguage{ngerman}±11.86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.48\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\emph{Lymphocyte count (×10\textsuperscript{9}/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.95\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.91\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.49\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.89\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.22\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.78\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textless{} 0.8}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11 (55\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.07\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Hemoglobin (g/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
128.20\selectlanguage{ngerman}±18.49\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
126.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
126.80\selectlanguage{ngerman}±22.68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.71\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Anemia}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (15\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{PT (s)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.76\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.07\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.82\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.81\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{APTT (s)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
95.26\selectlanguage{ngerman}±18.18\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
94.83\selectlanguage{ngerman}±15.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
95.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±21.53\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.92\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{D-Dimer (mg/mL)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.91\selectlanguage{ngerman}±11.17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.16\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.65\selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.5\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 0.5 to [?]1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (25\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15 (75\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{ALT (U/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.96\selectlanguage{ngerman}±96.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.30\selectlanguage{ngerman}±129.15\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±51.82\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.55\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 40}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{AST (U/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.75\selectlanguage{ngerman}±83.40\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
41.80\selectlanguage{ngerman}±30.07\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
97.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±109.74\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.14\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 40}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (50\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.66\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\emph{TBIL (μmol/L)}\selectlanguage{english}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.62\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.69\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.80\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.55\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.32\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.61\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 17.1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Albumin (g/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.92\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.77\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.92\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.35\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.91\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\emph{BUN (μmol/L)}\selectlanguage{english}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.81\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.76\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.03\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.69\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.09\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 7.1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (50\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.66\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CK (U/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
96.15\selectlanguage{ngerman}±52.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.90\selectlanguage{ngerman}±47.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
91.40\selectlanguage{ngerman}±60.05\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 185}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CK-MB (U/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.40\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.59\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.33\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15.10\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.51\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{LDH (U/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
539.15\selectlanguage{ngerman}±455.85\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
574.30\selectlanguage{ngerman}±604.95\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
504.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±264.52\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.74\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 245}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17 (85\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{BNP (pg/mL)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5696.53\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8832.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2991.77\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2441.31\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8401.28\selectlanguage{ngerman}±11936.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.18\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 400}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15 (75\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (80\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CRP (mg/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
101.46\selectlanguage{ngerman}±65.60\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
114.58\selectlanguage{ngerman}±74.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
88.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±56.47\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.39\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{ProCT (ng/mL)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.31\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.42\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.37\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.25\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.14\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.53\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textless{}0.1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (15\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{0.1-0.25}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{0.25-0.5}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (35\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{[?]0.5}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

The data are shown as mean (variance, SD) or~n~(\%).~P~value was
calculated by~t~test or~chi-square~test, wherever appropriate.

BMI: Body mass index. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GCS:
Glasgow Coma Sale. WBC: White blood cell. NEU\%: Percentage of
neutrophils. PT: Prothrombin time. APTT: Activated partial
thromboplastin time. ALT: Alanine transaminase. AST: Glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase. TBIL: Total bilirubin. BUN: Blood urea
nitrogen. CK: Creatine kinase. CK-MB: Creatine kinase isoenzyme. LDH:
Lactate dehydrogenase. BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide. CRP: C-reactive
protein. ProCT: Procalcitonin.

\textbf{TABLE 2} Treatments, complications, and clinical outcomes of the
patients\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Treatment and Outcome}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total (n~=20)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Survival group (n~=10)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Death group (n~=10)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{P value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Treatments\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Treatments\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Treatments\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Treatments\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Treatments\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CRRT}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 (0\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Oxygen Therapies}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19 (95\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{NIV}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14 (70\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (40\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{IMV}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (30\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 (0\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Outcomes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Outcomes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Outcomes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Outcomes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Outcomes\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Length of ICU stay (day)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.65\selectlanguage{ngerman}±11.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.83\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.90\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Total hospital stay (day)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.20\selectlanguage{ngerman}±13.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15.20\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.40\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.04\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Shock}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{ARDS}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12 (60\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.01\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Acute cardiac injury}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19 (95\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (100\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (90\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Pneumothorax}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (10\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 (0\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2 (20\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.47\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy. NIV: Non-invasive mechanical
ventilation.

IMV: Invasive mechanical ventilation. ARDS: Acute respiratory distress
syndrome.

\textbf{TABLE 3} Univariate logistic analysis of risk factors associated
with death\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Parameter}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{OR}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{95\%~CI}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{P value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Age\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.93-1.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Male~vs~Female\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.43\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.06-2.60\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.37\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Weight\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.39\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01-1.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.74-2.05\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.42\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
With~vs~Without comorbidity\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{COPD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05-18.57\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Cardiovascular disease}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.11-8.95\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Hypertension}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.67\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.11-3.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.65\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Diabetes}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.02-5.53\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Cerebral vascular disease}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05-18.57\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical Characteristics\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Fever~vs~no fever}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03-5.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Diarrhea~vs~no diarrhea}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03-5.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Oxygen saturation}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.96-1.37\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.38\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Respiratory rate \textgreater{} 24/min}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.14-7.16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Heart rate}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.93-1.04\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.6\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{GCS score}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.33\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.06-0.83\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.09\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Days from onset to ICU admission\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.98-1.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.16\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Days in the general ward prior to ICU admission\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.05\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.92-1.23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.49\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Laboratory Parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\emph{Blood complete (×10\textsuperscript{9}/L)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{4-10}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.38\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.04-2.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.34\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textgreater{} 10}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.71\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.22-16.09\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.61\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Neutrophil (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.03\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.95-1.14\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.46\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\emph{Lymphocyte count \textless{}0.8×109/L}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01-0.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Anemia vs no anemia}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03-5.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{PT}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.48-2.70\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{APTT}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.95-1.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.91\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{D-Dimer \textgreater{} 1 mg/mL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.58-0.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
061\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{ALT \textgreater{} 40 U/L}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.14-7.16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{Albumin}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.71-1.40\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\emph{BUN \textgreater{} 7.1 μmol/L}\selectlanguage{english}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.06-4.54\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.61\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CK \textgreater{} 185 U/L}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05-18.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{LDH \textgreater{} 245 U/L}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.02-5.53\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{BNP \textgreater{} 400 pg/mL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.06-4.54\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.61\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{CRP}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.98-1.01\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.37\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{ProCT (ng/mL)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{\textless{} 0.1}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.02-5.53\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.54\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{0.1-0.25}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.16-6.20\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{0.25-0.5}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.24-10.82\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.64\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{[?] 0.5}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.04-28.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

OR: Odds ratio. CI: Confidence interval. BMI: Body mass index.

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale.

PT: Prothrombin time. APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time.

ALT: Alanine transaminase. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen. CK: Creatine
kinase.

LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase. BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide.

CRP: C-reactive protein. ProCT: Procalcitonin.

\textbf{FIGURE 1} Tracking of main laboratory markers from time of
admission to the ICU

Temporal changes in laboratory markers from the admission in the
patients. The diagraphs show the changes of leukocyte count (A),
neutrophil percentage (B), lymphocyte count (C), D- dimer (D), urea
nitrogen (E), C- reactive protein (F), serum creatinine (G), and urine
volume (H) in 20 patients with length of the stay. The blue line
represents the survival group and the red line the death group.

\textbf{FIGURE 2} Clinical course and outcome of 20 COVID-19 ICU
patients\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-1/Figure-1}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-2/Figure-2}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

