Figure legends
Figure 1. Genome-wide association study of recurrent
wheeze between age 2-5 years. a) Manhattan plot showing SNVs on
chromosome 17q12 - 21 associated with recurrent wheeze in the CHILD
Study Cohort (p < 5e-8). Y-axis depicts the -log10 transformed
p-value and x-axis shows chromosomal positions. Suggestive significance
(p=5e-5) and genome-wide significance (p=5e-8) are respectively marked
as blue and red horizontal lines, respectively. b) Locus-zoom
plot showing the specific region on chromosome 17q12 - 21 associated
with recurrent wheeze. Red circles indicate that the SNVs are in strong
LD, and numbers within each circle indicate that they are likely to be
regulatory. These SNVs span 5 well-known asthma genes: GRB7 ,IKZF3 , ZPBP2 , GSDMB , and ORMLD3 .
Figure 2. Genome-wide association study of asthma at 5
years. a) Manhattan plot showing one SNV on chromosome 1q32.1
associated with asthma in the multi-ethnic CHILD Study Cohort (p
< 5e-8). Y-axis depicts the -log10 transformed p-value and
x-axis shows chromosomal positions. Suggestive significance (p=5e-5) and
genome-wide significance (p=5e-8) are respectively marked as blue and
red horizontal lines, respectively. b) Manhattan plot showing
one SNV on chromosome 1q32.1 associated with asthma diagnosis in the
Central European CHILD Study Cohort (p < 5e-8). Y-axis depicts
the -log10 transformed p-value and x-axis shows chromosomal positions.
Suggestive significance (p=5e-5) and genome-wide significance (p=5e-8)
are respectively marked as blue and red horizontal lines, respectively.
Figure 3. GRS moderating the risk of recurrent wheeze
and asthma. Y-axis indicates prevalence of recurrent wheeze (age 2-5
years) or asthma (diagnosed by age 5), and x-axis indicates
low/moderate/high GRS. a) The prevalence of recurrent wheeze
increases with GRS. b) The prevalence of asthma increases with
GRS. c) The prevalence of recurrent wheeze decreases among
children who were breastfed until 12 months, particularly among those
with low or moderate genetic risk. d) The prevalence of
recurrent wheeze increases among children who are exposed increasing
amounts of NO2 in the three months of life as well ase) during months 4-6, especially among those with moderate to
high genetic risk.