Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine genetic differences such as allele frequencies due to different ethnicities in our admixed cohort (i.e. population substructure). We used SMARTPCA from the Eigensoft package to conduct PCA of the genomics data.(28) In addition, we used 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 database as a reference cohort to identify ethnicities within the CHILD Study based on genetics information.(29)