Figure 2: Humoral factors influencing the allergic response
The anti-allergenic environment is characterized by a high IgG/IgE ratio and allergen-specific IgG4-mediated inhibition. The pro-allergenic environment includes high-affinity IgE driven by Tfh13 cells, high epitope diversity and proximity, and increased glycosylation content in the constant region of IgE. Low-affinity IgE is not a determining factor for a pro nor anti-allergenic environment.