Variable Measurement units Data sources Range for Kazakhstan Range for China
Road length km Esri Data and Maps: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=83535020ce154bd5a498957c159e3a99 0 - 642 0 – 2667
Road density km-1 Esri Data and Maps: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=83535020ce154bd5a498957c159e3a99 0 – 0.06 0 – 0.255
Small ruminants density
head/km2
For China: FAO Gridded Livestock of the World (Robinson et al., 2010) http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home For Kazakhstan: national survey data described below
0 - 81
0 – 611
Cattle density head/km2 FAO Gridded Livestock of the World (Robinson et al., 2010) http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home 0.08 – 21.8 0 – 337
Population density
person/km2
Gridded Population of the World (GPW), v4 (Center for International Earth Science Information Network, 2018) https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-count-rev11/data-download
0.34 - 247
5.05 – 6492
Elevation m USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Danielson and Gesch, 2011): https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-multi-resolution-terrain-elevation?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects -28 - 2260 0 – 2197
Annual mean temperature
°С
WorldClim 2 (Fick and Hijmans, 2017) https://worldclim.org/
-1.4 – 15.6
-4.3 – 25.0
Annual precipitation
mm
WorldClim 2 (Fick and Hijmans, 2017) https://worldclim.org/
117 - 701
40 – 2055
Maximum green vegetation fraction (MGVF) proportion Broxton et al., 2014; https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/green_veg.html 14 - 100 0 – 100
Engel coefficient person-2 Calculated from other data 0 – 0.38 0.25