Diagnostic criteria refer to those proposed in the international consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Patients who either met the diagnosis criteria based on their history of symptoms or symptoms exhibited during OFC were defined as wheat-FPIES patients.

Abbreviations: OFC, oral food challenge; FPIES, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome; sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E; NA, not applicable