Further food antigen-specific T-cells are increased in active disease with ileal inflammation
To dissect a sole barrier defect, as it is present in small intestinal CD, from the disease-driving gliadin-reactivity in CeD, we included soybean protein, peanut protein and OVA-peptide in our analysis. In fact, an increased frequency of antigen-specific CD4+T-cells was exclusively observed in the presence of small intestinal inflammation, namely CD and aCeD. CD patients in remission as well as UC patients independent of their inflammatory state did not differ from healthy controls. Furthermore, CeD patients on GFD, although being highly reactive to gliadin, showed no reaction to other nutritional antigens (FigureĀ 3A, B ).