Figure 2 | Left panel: Distribution of within-discipline residuals (ε) of the relationship between Arel and loge years publishing (t) by discipline (ARC = archaeology, CHM = chemistry, ECO = ecology, EVO = evolution and development, GEO = geology, MIC = microbiology, OPH = ophthalmology, PAL = palaeontology), each comprising 60 researchers (30 female, 30 male). Right panel: Distribution of among-discipline residuals (ε′) of the relationship between \(A_{\mathrm{\text{rel}}}^{{}^{\prime}}\) (scaled) and t by discipline. All \(A_{\mathrm{\text{rel}}}^{{}^{\prime}}\) distributions are approximately Gaussian behaviour according to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests (ARC: W = 0.985, p = 0.684; CHM: W = 0.961, p = 0.051; ECO: W = 0.980, p = 0.409; EVO: W = 0.984, p = 0.630; GEO: W = 0.929, p = 0.398; MIC: W = 0.971, p = 0.170; OPH: W = 0.980, p = 0.416; PAL: W = 0.986, p = 0.720).