Figure S3 | Relationship between a researcher’s citation mass (Arel; area under the citation frequency–value curve — see Fig. S2) and loge years since first peer-reviewed publication (Y1) for an example sample of 60 microbiology researchers in three different career stages: early career researcher (ECR), mid-career researcher (MCR), and late-career researcher (LCR). The residuals (ε) for each researcher relative to the line of best fit (solid black line) indicate relative citation rank — researchers below this line perform below expectation (relative to the sample), those above, above expectation. Also shown are the lines of best fit for women (black dashed line) and men (red dashed line — see also Fig. S4). Here we have also selected two researchers at random (1 female, 1 male) from each career stage and shown their results in the inset table. The residuals (ε) provide a relative rank from most positive to most negative. Also shown is each of these six researchers’ m-quotient (h-index ÷ number of years publishing).