Figure S4 | Gender-specific researcher ranks versus ranks derived from the entire sample (in this case, the microbiology sample shown in Fig. S3). For women who increased ranks when only compared to other women (negative residuals; top panel), the average increase was 1.50 places higher. For women with reduced ranks (positive residuals; top panel), the average was 1.88 places lower. For men who increased ranks when only compared to other men (negative residuals; bottom panel), or who declined in rank (positive residuals; bottom panel), the average number of places moved were both 1.75 for both.