Outcomes
We defined “compliance” with the exercise program as participation to
at least 50% of the scheduled weekly exercise sessions between
randomization and delivery and/or recording more than 5000 steps per day
on average.
The primary outcome was the incidence of insulin prescription. Women who
did not achieve the following glycaemic goals were treated with basal
and/or prandial insulin: ≤5.3 mmol/l fasting, ≤8.0 mmol/l one hour after
the beginning of each meal. This was in line with the recommendations of
the Swiss Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes, adapted from the
American Diabetes Association (ADA) 1. Insulin regimen
consisted of intermediate-acting NPH insulin, usually initiated at
bedtime at a dose of 0.1 U/kg/day, and short-acting insulin aspart or
lispro at mealtime. Oral antidiabetic agents were not used.
Secondary outcomes included suboptimal glycaemic control, time to
insulin, maximum dose of insulin, mode of delivery, birthweight and
neonatal morbidity.