Outcomes
We defined “compliance” with the exercise program as participation to at least 50% of the scheduled weekly exercise sessions between randomization and delivery and/or recording more than 5000 steps per day on average.
The primary outcome was the incidence of insulin prescription. Women who did not achieve the following glycaemic goals were treated with basal and/or prandial insulin: ≤5.3 mmol/l fasting, ≤8.0 mmol/l one hour after the beginning of each meal. This was in line with the recommendations of the Swiss Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes, adapted from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 1. Insulin regimen consisted of intermediate-acting NPH insulin, usually initiated at bedtime at a dose of 0.1 U/kg/day, and short-acting insulin aspart or lispro at mealtime. Oral antidiabetic agents were not used.
Secondary outcomes included suboptimal glycaemic control, time to insulin, maximum dose of insulin, mode of delivery, birthweight and neonatal morbidity.