2.1. Study Design and Participants
In this study, the records of patients that presented to our hospital with urolithiasis between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The case presentations were classified using the International Classification of Disease-10 coding system (ICD-10). In the ICD-10 code system, patients assigned the N20-23 codes (kidney stone, kidney and ureteral stone, ureteral stone, kidney and ureteral stones, unidentified ureteral stone, and renal colic) were screened. Patients aged 18 years or older who had non-contrast CT of the abdomen/pelvis and urinalysis (UA) and were diagnosed with ureteral stones were included in the study. Local ethics committee approval was obtained for the study (Ethics committee number: 2021/01-83).
Incomplete records, absence of a ureteral stone in the non-contrast CT radiology report, presence of two or more ureteral stones, presence of a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube, missing UA results, presence of any intraabdominal or pelvic mass resulting in ureteral obstruction, and < 18 years of age were excluded from the study.