Study area

Two floodplain regions in the southern MDB, Yanga National Park and Barmah National Park (Figure 1), were selected for this investigation based on local knowledge and availability of LiDAR remote sensing for training data. Yanga National Park (34°27’S, 143°48’E) forms a large component of the Lower Murrumbidgee floodplain which lies along a section of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales (Doody et al. , 2015). Barmah National Park (36°00’S, 144°56’E), is located to the south-east of Yanga in the Barmah-Millewa Forest along the River Murray. Both floodplain systems are composed of the native riparian tree species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) as well asE. largiflorens (Black Box). Notably, Barmah National Park is home to the largest E. camaldulesis forest in the world and is thus recognised under the Ramsar Convention (Hale and Butcher, 2011).
Both regions are semi-arid with low annual precipitation with ~425 and 323 mm year-1 at Barmah and Yanga respectively (Bureau of Meteorology, 2020), and high evaporative demand (~1600 mm year-1; The Long Paddock, Queensland Government). Austral summers are hot with mean maximum temperature between 31-33OC, while winter is cool with mean maximum temperature of 14-16 OC (Bureau of Meteorology, 2020).