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    The current lack of diversity in neuroimaging datasets limits the
potential generalisability of research findings. This situation is also
likely to have a downstream impact on our ability to translate
fundamental research into effective interventions and treatments for the
global population. We propose that electroencephalography (EEG) is
viable for delivering truly inclusive and global neuroscience. Over the
past two decades, advances in portability, affordability, and
computational sophistication have created a tool that can readily reach
underrepresented communities and scale across low-resource
contexts—advantages that surpass those of other neuroimaging
modalities. However, skepticism persists within the neuroscience
community regarding the feasibility of realizing EEG’s full potential
for studying the brain on a global scale shortly. We highlight several
challenges impeding progress, including the need to amalgamate
large-scale, harmonized datasets to provide the statistical power and
robust computational frameworks necessary for examining subtle
differences between populations; the advancement of EEG technology to
ensure high-quality data acquisition from all individuals—irrespective
of hair type—and operable by non-specialists; and the importance of
engaging directly with communities to co-create culturally sensitive and
ethically appropriate research methodologies. By tackling these
technical and social challenges and building on initiatives dedicated to
inclusivity and collaboration, we can harness EEG’s potential to deliver
neuroscience genuinely representative of the global population.