1968-69 |
125/0 |
N/A |
Consumed giant African snail (Achatina
fulica) |
N/A |
N/A |
(Yii, 1976) |
1985 |
9/4 |
Headache, fever, double vision and muscle pain, neck
stiffness, Kemis’ sign, asymmetric pupils, papilledema |
Consumed giant
African snail (Achatina fulica) |
N/A |
N/A |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
1985 |
4/0 |
Fever, headache, vomiting, and tiredness |
Bake and eat
snails and shells together |
N/A |
N/A |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
1991-2009 |
37/2 |
Headache, fever, nausea/vomiting, muscle weakness,
abdominal pain, dizziness, neck stiffness, orbital/retro-orbital pain |
Eating raw snails, raw frogs, salads and uncooked vegetables |
Prednisolone (0.5-1 mg/kg/day for 15 days), Mebendazole (100 mg twice a
day for 6 days), levamisole for 3 weeks |
CSF analysis, Blood tests, MRI |
(Tseng et al., 2011) |
1998-99 |
17/0 |
Headache, neck stiffness, fever, paresthesia, muscle
weakness, orbital/retro-orbital pain, diplopia, ataxia, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, skin rash, hyperesthesia, abducent nerve
palsy, facial palsy |
Eaten raw golden apple snails (Pomacea
canaliculata) |
Mebendazole, dexamethasone, acetaminophen, naproxen |
CSF, blood tests, MRI |
(Tsai et al., 2001) |
2001 |
5/0 |
Headache, fever, neck stiffness,
paresthesia/hyperaesthesia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, ataxia |
Raw vegetable juice |
Dexamethasone (5mg every 8 hr. For 1 week) then
given oral Prednisone (60mg/day for 1 week) |
CSF, lumbar punctures |
(Tsai et al., 2004) |
2003 |
1/0 |
Headache, mild fever, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision,
acute gastroenteritis, acute meningitis, stiff neck, the abdomen was
soft, liver and spleen impalpable, mild weakness of bilateral lower
limbs, positive Babinski and Kerning’s signs, myalgia |
Played with
golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata =Ampullarium
canaliculatus) as pets at home |
Ampicillin, gentamycin, cefotaxime,
mebendazole with corticosteroid |
MRI, CSF, blood and stool culture |
(Wan & Weng, 2004) |
2006 |
1/0 |
Headache, bilateral upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,
vertigo |
Consumed raw frogs (Rana plancyi) |
Mannitol,
acetaminophen, diclofenac |
CSF, MRI |
(Lai et al., 2007) |
2009 |
3/0 |
N/A |
Consumed wine with raw snails (Pomacea
canaliculata =Ampullarium canaliculatus) roasted |
N/A |
CSF |
(Wang et al., 2011) |
2009 |
5/0 |
Headache, muscle pain, tiredness, neck pain, diarrhea,
inability to turn your eyes to the left, stiff neck, vomiting, back
pain, joint pain, left shoulder pain, loss of appetite |
Eaten raw
golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) |
Mebendazole
steroids, Non-Anthelmintic |
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid testing |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
2010 |
1/0 |
Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, inability to stand, and
altered consciousness |
Edible uncooked snails |
N/A |
N/A |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
2011 |
1/0 |
Processing conscious disturbance for 2 weeks, paucity of
speech, decrease engagement in daily activity, abdominal pain,
difficulty in urination, mildly distended abdomen, unable to stand up |
Pica disorder (eating nonfood items) |
Ceftriaxone, Dexamethasone
(4mg/6hr. For 10 days) |
Serologic test, CSF, MRI, blood test, lumbar
punctures |
(Hsueh et al., 2013) |
2012 |
1/0 |
Body aches and discomfort, abnormal behavior, confusion and
trance |
When growing vegetables, the hands are contaminated by snail
mucus. |
Mebendazole steroids |
General blood test, cerebrospinal fluid
test, MRI, serum, cerebrospinal fluid test |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
2012 |
8/0 |
Headache, neck pain, Symptoms of facial paralysis and
quadriplegia |
Boiled apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) mixed
with vegetables and chili |
Albendazole |
Serum and CSF test by ELISA,
brain computed tomography, MRI |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
2013 |
1/0 |
Headache and neck stiffness |
Uncooked snail soup |
Antiparasitic drugs |
N/A |
(http://www.mohw.gov.tw/) |
2022 |
1/0 |
Fever, dizziness, headache, chest tightness |
N/A |
Dexamethasone (10 mg for 1 week) |
PCR of CSF and Brain MRI |
(Luo et
al., 2023) |