Figure 2: Through anthropogenic dispersal, many species are increasingly being transported to new bioregions. Only some of these species are able to establish a viable population in the foreign environment and, of these, a smaller fraction will grow exponentially ­to become ‘invasive’. The time between initial colonization and rapid population growth is known as the lag phase (Sakai et al., 2001). The simplicity of this model of biological invasion, known as the invasion sequence, means that its components can be parameterised in terms of ecology and evolutionary biology (Kolar & Lodge, 2001; Lodge, 1993; Sakai et al., 2001). For example, it is critical to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics that underlie the transition from establishment to spread, or the traits that allow some species but not others to establish small yet viable populations. Across the temporal extent of the invasion sequence, we discuss five research themes in invasion genetics that whole-genome resequencing can shed light on.