Phylogenetic relationships
Our phylogenetic results using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) generated identical tree topologies. We recovered a monophyletic relationship among the populations of L. columnarisfrom Bioko and Cameroon. However, we distinguished three highly supported clades in the phylogenetic tree. A common ancestor closely relates the mainland Cameroon clades (Mt. Cameroon, Bamenda, and Mt. Oku) with North Bioko (Pico Basilé) sister to these clades. The clade of southern Bioko (Pico Biao-Moka and Gran Caldera) is distinct and sister to the previous subclades (Figure 3).