This study uses residential construction engineering as the research object and recent official safety accidents as the basic data. The research applies the decomposition method to analyze the problem structure, divides the influencing factors into levels and structures, and establishes a hierarchical structural model, which is divided into the following layers: A-highest level (target layer), B-intermediate layer (criterion layer), and C-lowest layer (index layer). The upper layer factors dominate all or part of the elements in the adjacent lower layer, forming a hierarchical relationship, as illustrated in Figure 1.