Figure and Table Legends
Figure 1: Prevalence of food allergy varies globally. Food
allergy-associated hospitalization admission rates suggest that rates of
FA has increased over the last few decades.1-4,98,99
Figure 2: Routine diagnostic tests for food allergy include oral food
challenges, skin prick tests, and allergen-specific IgE. Other promising
tests in development and currently limited to research settings include
basophil activation test, mast cell activation test, and bead-based
epitope assay.
Figure 3: Biologics such as anti-IgE antibodies (omalizumab and
ligelizumab), anti-IL4Rα antibody (dupilumab), BTK inhibitor
(acalabrutinib), anti-IL-33 antibody (etokimab), and anti-TSLP antibody
(tezepelumab) have been developed to target key cells and pathways to
block the allergenic cascade. Key immune cells targeted include Th2
cells, B cells, mast cells, basophils, dendritic cells, ILC2s, and
eosinophils.
Figure 4: In the last few decades, we have made great strides in our
understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying food allergy. These
have led to novel diagnostics, prevention strategies, and therapies.
Table 1: Summary of ongoing clinical trials.
† multi-food oral immunotherapy product
‡ nanoparticle-encapsulated peanut protein
§ peanut oral immunotherapy product
Table 2: Recent advances in immune modulation in food allergy.