Conclusion
In the face the rising prevalence of FA, the need for improvements in
diagnostics, preventative strategies, and therapies remains pressing
(Figure 4). Consistent efforts are underway to better understand the
mechanisms driving and maintaining FA (Table 2), as well as how these
mechanisms vary across the individual, in hopes of designing better
interventions for existing FA and its prevention. Built upon a
foundation of clinical trials demonstrating the safety, feasibility, and
efficacy of both single- and multi-allergen OIT, the field has seen
exponential growth in the quantity and variety of innovative therapeutic
strategies currently under investigation. Though we await results from
many of these pivotal trials, each marks an advancement toward safer
therapies that are not only long lasting, but also offer efficacy across
the full spectrum of food allergic patients.
Conflict of Interest Statement: Dr. Sindher reports grants from
NIH, Regeneron, DBV Technologies, AIMMUNE, Novartis, CoFAR, grants and
personal fees from FARE, other from Astra Zeneca and DBV; Dr. Long
reports consultant fees from COUR Pharmaceuticals; Dr. Nadeau reports gr
ants from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and Food Allergy Research &
Education (FARE); stock options from IgGenix, Seed Health, ClostraBio,
and ImmuneID; is Director of the World Allergy Organization Center of
Excellence for Stanford, Advisor at Cour Pharma, Consultant for
Excellergy, Red tree ventures, Eli Lilly, and Phylaxis, Co-founder of
Before Brands, Alladapt, Latitude, and IgGenix; and National Scientific
Committee member at Immune Tolerance Network (ITN), and National
Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical research centers, outside the
submitted work; patents include, “Mixed allergen composition and
methods for using the same,” “Granulocyte-based methods for detecting
and monitoring immune system disorders,” and “Methods and Assays for
Detecting and Quantifying Pure Subpopulations of White Blood Cells in
Immune System Disorders.” Dr. Chinthrajah receives grant support from
the Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR), National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Food Allergy Research &
Education (FARE), Aimmune, DBV Technologies, Astellas, Novartis,
Regeneron, and Astra Zeneca, and is an advisory board member for
Alladapt Immunotherapeutics, Novartis, Sanofi, Allergenis, Intrommune
Therapeutics, and Genentech. All other authors indicate no COI.