5 CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicated that PPM after bioprosthetic MVR in MR patients was
associated with worse late outcomes including heart failure. Further,
use of large valves may not necessarily prevent PPM. Diagnosis of PPM
should be performed postoperatively using echocardiography and patients
with PPM should be follow up more closely to monitor changes in their
pulmonary artery pressure and to detect early sign of heart failure.