3.5 Predictors of Late Mortality and Death from Heart Failure
Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of PPM on late outcomes after MVR. Multivariable analysis showed that PPM was an independent predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-6.75,p = .001, Figure 2A). Other predictors of late mortality included NYHA class 3/4, peripheral artery disease, and preoperative LV EF (Table 5). With regards to death from heart failure, PPM was also identified as an independent risk factor (HR = 31.03, 95% CI = 4.49-214.40, p< .001, Figure 2B). Other independent predictors of death from heart failure were male, peripheral artery disease, and preoperative LV EF (Table 5).