MOGAD clinical presentations
The clinical phenotype of MOGAD is broad and includes uni- and bilateral anterior ON, long and short transverse myelitis (TM), ADEM, brainstem encephalitis, and cortical encephalitis with or without seizures (2). In addition, combinations of these syndromes are common, e.g. as NMOSD-like phenotype presenting with ON and TM (12). Importantly, the clinical phenotype strongly depends on age; with a more ADEM-like phenotype in children and a more optico-spinal phenotype in adolescents and adults (2). In paediatric patients, the following four phenotypes account for 90% of MOGAD cases: 46% presenting with ADEM, 30% with ON, 11% with TM, and 4% with a NMOSD-like phenotype (ON+TM) (24). Relapses in both children and adults are common, occurring in around 40-80% of patients, especially in the form of ON (6,25–27).