MOGAD clinical presentations
The clinical phenotype of MOGAD is broad and includes uni- and bilateral
anterior ON, long and short transverse myelitis (TM), ADEM, brainstem
encephalitis, and cortical encephalitis with or without seizures (2). In
addition, combinations of these syndromes are common, e.g. as NMOSD-like
phenotype presenting with ON and TM (12). Importantly, the clinical
phenotype strongly depends on age; with a more ADEM-like phenotype in
children and a more optico-spinal phenotype in adolescents and adults
(2). In paediatric patients, the following four phenotypes account for
90% of MOGAD cases: 46% presenting with ADEM, 30% with ON, 11% with
TM, and 4% with a NMOSD-like phenotype (ON+TM) (24). Relapses in both
children and adults are common, occurring in around 40-80% of patients,
especially in the form of ON (6,25–27).