Risk factors associated with AF recurrence of AF and MACCE occurrence
Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify risk factors associated with AF recurrence. The variables that reached statistical significance and were included in the multivariate analysis were as follows: gender (female), AF duration, presence of diabetes, CHA2DS2-VASc score, LAD≥40 mm, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and obesity (all p<0.10, Table 2). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, female gender was found to be independently associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence (p = 0.003). Additionally, diabetes and LAD≥40 mm were identified as independent predictors of AF recurrence (both p<0.05, Figure 3). In the PSM patients, both female and LAD≥40 mm persisted as independent risk factors for AF recurrence (each with p<0.05, Supplementary Table S2). Further analysis according to sex revealed that in men, the independent predictors of AF recurrence in the multivariable Cox regression analysis were the duration of AF, presence of diabetes, and LAD≥40 mm. In contrast, for women, an LAD of 40 mm or greater was the sole independent predictor (Figure 4 and Supplementary Table S3 and S4).
The influences on the incidence of MACCE were scrutinized using logistic regression to identify significant contributing factors. Findings from the analysis indicated that gender did not significantly impact the likelihood of MACCE incidence. Conversely, age, hypertension, diabetes, as well as the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, were identified as independent predictors for the occurrence of MACCE (Table 3). The multivariable logistic regression analysis by sex found that age was the common risk factor for male and female, and long-term antiplatelet drugs prescription was another predictor for male, while history of diabetes and alcohol consumption for female (Supplementary Table S5 and S6).