2.4.2 Gene diversity and clonal diversity
Gene diversity (expected
heterozygosity: He ) of each population was calculated using
‘genetic diversity ’ function of GenoDive v. 3.04 (Meirmans & Van
Tienderen, 2004; Meirmans, 2020). To examine clonal diversity, the
number of clonal lineages was assessed using ‘assign clone ’
function. The function works by first calculating a matrix of genetic
distances, and then choosing a threshold distance (Meirmans, 2020). If
the distance between a pair of individuals is below a threshold, they
are deemed to belong to the same clonal lineage (Meirmans, 2020). We
calculated a matrix of genetic distances using an infinite allele model
(in this calculation, missing data were discarded) and determined the
threshold distance. Each clonal lineage was treated as a single genotype
and Nei’s (1987) genetic diversity corrected for samples size
(Div ) was calculated for each population using ‘clonal
diversity ’ function. Clonal diversity index R (Dorken & Eckert,
2001) was also calculated. The index R was calculated by the
equation: R = (G -1)/(N -1), where G is the
number of distinct genotypes and N is the total number of sampled
individuals.