CONCLUSION
The study assesses the status of selected watersheds in the Gumara
watershed to understand the approaches adopted to implement watershed
development practices. These practices were annual governmental
campaigns through community mobilization. Though farmers believe in the
significance of installing SWCP at the watershed level, the performance
of the practices was not as expected. Currently, farmers complaining
about the approach followed by the government and the time they invested
in conservation programs creates untrusted by the community. The
campaign just considered the number of participating farmers regardless
of the quality and standards of installed measures. As a result, farmers
have withdrawn from active participation and tied up in the enforcement.
In addition, experts were unable to provide technical support to the
whole sub-watersheds during the campaign. Finally, the community should
carry out maintenance of previously constructed structures and the
decision-makers must evaluate the status of measures for the long-term
sustainability of efforts. Further study on alternative watershed
development and management modality of programs from different
perspectives is advisable to sustainably satisfy the needs of the
community and viability of natural resources.