Demographics |
|
|
|
|
Maternal age, years* |
31.8 (4.7) |
30.9 (4.6) |
1 |
0.009 |
Time after index-pregnancy, months |
16.2 [15.2, 17.9] |
16.3
[15.3, 18.0] |
1 |
0.79 |
Mode of conception, spontaneous |
289 (94.4) |
401 (94.6) |
1 |
0.82 |
Body mass index, [kg/m2] |
24.0 [22.0, 28.0] |
24.0 [22.0,
27.0] |
1 |
0.25 |
Education level
Low
Intermediate
High
|
86 (28.1)
126 (41.2)
94 (30.7)
|
93 (22.1)
216 (51.3)
112 (26.6)
|
3
|
0.02
|
Geographic origin
Western
Non-Western
|
270 (88.2)
36 (11.8)
|
356 (84.2)
67 (15.8)
|
1
|
0.15
|
Mother with COD |
8 (2.6) |
4 (0.9) |
0 |
0.15 |
Family history of COD |
43 (14.1) |
31 (7.3) |
0 |
0.009 |
Lifestyle |
|
|
|
|
Periconception use of (n (%)) |
|
|
|
|
Alcohol |
113 (36.9) |
138 (32.5) |
4 |
0.51 |
Cigarettes |
57 (18.6) |
87 (20.5) |
0 |
0.56 |
Folic acid and/or (multi)vitamins |
254 (83.0) |
339 (80.1) |
0 |
0.38 |
Current use of (n (%)) |
|
|
|
|
Alcohol |
157 (51.3) |
233 (55.0) |
1 |
0.47 |
Cigarettes |
53 (17.3) |
78 (18.4) |
2 |
0.57 |
Folic acid and/or (multi)vitamins |
83 (27.1) |
107 (25.3) |
0 |
0.64 |
Biomarkers |
|
|
|
|
Vitamine B12, serum (pmol/L) |
277.5 [209.5, 361.8] |
260.0
[201.0, 357.5] |
0 |
0.36 |
Plasma total homocysteine, plasma, (umol/L) |
10.1 [8.4, 12.5] |
9.7
[8.2, 11.8] |
0 |
0.05 |
folate, serum (nmol/L) |
15.2 [12.4, 19.4] |
14.70 [12.2, 19.6] |
0 |
0.37 |
folate, red blood cell (nmol/L) |
659 [529, 802] |
634 [521,
769] |
0 |
0.36 |
Birth outcomes |
|
|
|
|
Foetal gender, boys |
173 (56.5) |
234 (55.2) |
0 |
0.78 |
Birthweight |
3,290 [2,850, 3,650] |
3,500 [3,200, 3,890] |
1 |
<0.001 |
Preterm birth(< 37 weeks gestation) |
48 (15.8) |
24 (5.7) |
4 |
<0.001 |