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\begin{document}

\title{A tale of two reef sharks: evolutionary history of \emph{Carcharhinus
amblyrhynchos} and similarities with \emph{Carcharhinus melanopterus} as
revealed by population genomics data}



\author[1]{Pierre Lesturgie}%
\author[2]{Serge Planes}%
\author[3]{Stefano Mona}%
\affil[1]{Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle}%
\affil[2]{Université de Perpignan}%
\affil[3]{EPHE PSL}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{March 14, 2025}


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\begin{abstract}
We investigated the evolutionary history of the grey reef shark
(\emph{Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos}) in the Indo-Pacific (IP) by
harnessing the power of thousands of RAD-seq loci sequenced in 175
individuals across its range. We bring strong evidences of the
occurrence of a range expansion (RE) originating close to the
Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) from which two stepping-stone waves
(east and westward) started, colonizing almost the entire IP.
Consequently, the demographic history of \emph{C. amblyrhynchos} is best
explained by a meta-population model, for which we estimated a
homogenous connectivity throughout its range
(\emph{Nm}\textasciitilde{}10 per generation) by means of coalescent
modeling coupled with an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. An
isolation by distance model further highlights the absence of either
genetic barriers or preferential migration corridors, despite the
dependency of \emph{C. amblyrhynchos} from coral reefs occurrence. This
is consistent with the long-distance swims observed, suggesting that the
strong genetic structure at the IP scale
(\emph{F\textsubscript{ST}}\textasciitilde{}0.56 between its ends) is
rather the consequence of its large current distribution. We contrasted
these results with those previously obtained for the sympatric but
strictly lagoon-associated \emph{Carcharhinus melanopterus}, a species
well known for its restricted dispersal ability. While \emph{C.
melanopterus} exhibits a similar RE dynamic, it is characterized by
stronger genetic structure and a non-homogeneous connectivity largely
dependent on local coral reefs availability. The comparison between the
two species sheds new light on shark evolution, emphasizing the role of
IAA as source of biodiversity and of dispersal ability in shaping the
extent of population structure and genetic diversity.%
\end{abstract}%



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