Evaluation of acute toxicity of piperonylic acid
Acute toxicity of PA to M. incognita was evaluated by incubating
50 J2s in 300 µM PA or a corresponding mock solution and assessing
motility after 48 h. PA’s acute toxicity to P. syringae DC3000
and B. cinerea R16 was tested by adding 300 µM PA to their media
and monitoring growth (OD600 after 24 h for P.
syringae and colony area after five days for B. cinerea). Acute
toxicity to T. urticae, A. lycopersici and F. occidentaliswas tested as by Xue et al. (2020). Briefly, ±25 adults (T.
urticae, A. lycopersici) or larvae (F. occidentalis) were placed
on 1 cm2 leaf discs and sprayed with 300 µM PA or a
mock solution in a spray tower; mortality was recorded after three days.